SOLAR + STORAGE IN THE NORTHEAST NEW TECHNOLOGIES NEW APPLICATIONS NEW CHALLENGES Lyle Rawlings Advanced Solar Products Mid-Atlantic SEIA September 10, 2017, Las Vegas, NV
DRIVERS FOR SOLAR+STORAGE 1. FERC Orders 755 & 784 require ISO’s to pay for performance in frequency regulation markets. Fast response assets (e.g., batteries) command higher prices. 2. PJM leads the way with its RegD market. ERCOT also a player. The PJM RegD market makes battery projects financeable. Solar+storage projects are advantageous (shared costs, FITC). 3. The post-Sandy environment in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast states prioritizes community resiliency – emergency power for both traditional critical facilities and ordinary community resources. 4. As the concept of a true renewable energy transition gains momentum, the perceived need for storage will grow. As renewables achieve higher penetration, the need frequency regulation grows, then demand response, then generation shifting.
PV SYSTEMS WITH BATTERY STORAGE: PSE&G Solar 4 All Hopewell HOPEWELL, NJ HIGH SCHOOL SOLAR + BATTERY HYBRID ENERGY SUPPLY FOR WARMING SHELTER AND KITCHEN
FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP SCHOOL PV/BATTERY ENERGY SUPPLY FOR CRITICAL CLASSROOM LOADS
PV SYSTEMS WITH BATTERY STORAGE: PSE&G Solar 4 Caldwell Caldwell Sewage Treatment Facility Batteries: EOS + Zinc-Hybrid Cathode + Aqueous, non-toxic and non- combustible + 12 stacks, 4 “layers” per stack, 12 battery modules per layer + Total energy, Gen 1: 1,000 KWH + Total energy, Gen 2: 2,000 KWH Inverter: AEG + 500 KW + Will provide microgrid function in parallel with PV and facility generator Integration: Siemens
Modes of Operation To PSE&G pole Overall Schematic SWITCH- GEAR CALDWELL Facility XFMR CALDWELL PSEG CALDWELL Critical ATS ATS Loads AC CALDWELL COMBINER Generator PV COMBINER BATTERY PV INVERTERS INVERTER PV BATTERY ARRAY
Modes of Operation To PSE&G pole Normal SWITCH- GEAR CALDWELL Facility XFMR CALDWELL PSEG CALDWELL Critical ATS ATS Loads AC CALDWELL COMBINER Generator PV COMBINER BATTERY PV INVERTERS INVERTER PV BATTERY ARRAY
Modes of Operation To PSE&G pole Standby SWITCH- GEAR 1. Inverter shuts down. 2. PSE&G ATS switches to standby loads. 3. Caldwell ATS switches to standby loads. CALDWELL 4. Generator starts. Facility 5. Battery inverter starts in standby mode. XFMR 6. PV inverters start. 7. ESS, PV, and Generator support critical load. 8. When power is restored, ATS’s switch and CALDWELL PSEG CALDWELL ESS & PV return to normal mode. Critical ATS ATS Loads AC CALDWELL COMBINER Generator PV COMBINER BATTERY PV INVERTERS INVERTER PV BATTERY ARRAY
PV SYSTEMS WITH BATTERY STORAGE: PSE&G Solar 4 Pennington Pennington Dept. of Public Works Batteries: Inverter: Tesla Gen 1 Tesla Gen 1.0 (Dynapower) + 250 KW + LiFePo + Will provide microgrid function in + 6 Power Packs, 12 pods per parallel with PV, serving 100% of + Total energy, Gen 1: 530 KWH facility
POLICY CHALLENGES PJM - re-interpretation of rules for ancillary service markets make behind the meter participation by solar+storage projects difficult or impossible. PJM – Even if the battery is separately connected directly to the grid normally, and only connects to building through ATS during emergencies, batteries cannot participate in ancillary services. BPU - rules making net metering and SREC generation difficult BPU – rules making solar and batteries with generation difficult (concern that generator power may be net metered) IRS – Participating in ancillary service markets (like frequency regulation) may making storage ineligible for ITC… Is storage generation?
POLICY CHALLENGES PJM - re-interpretation of rules for ancillary service markets make behind the meter participation by solar+storage projects difficult or impossible.
PJM Grid Services PV SYSTEMS WITH BATTERY STORAGE: (Reg. D) TYPICAL SYSTEM LAYOUT UTILITY AND FUNCTION PV Power + M SRECs BATTERIES INVERTER MAIN PANEL Emerg. Power BUILDING PV ARRAY EMERGENCY ATS LOADS GENERATOR (optional)
PV SYSTEMS WITH BATTERY STORAGE: WORK-AROUND Grid Services PJM UTILITY (Reg. D) PV Power + M SRECs x BATTERIES INVERTER MAIN PANEL ATS BUILDING INVERTER PV ARRAY EMERGENCY ATS LOADS GENERATOR (optional)
POLICY CHALLENGES PJM – Even if the battery is separately connected directly to the grid normally, and only connects to building through ATS during emergencies, batteries cannot participate in ancillary services.
OTHER CHALLENGES High Costs Batteries – cost coming down steadily Inverters – very high compared to PV inverters, but improving rapidly Integration – lots of customization, costs very high Approx. 1/3 – 1/3 – 1/3 split! Immaturity Software immature Reliability still poor, especially in islanded mode
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