New Higher Strength Coiled Tubing Developed to Extend Coiled Tubing - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

New Higher Strength Coiled Tubing Developed to Extend Coiled Tubing Operating Envelopes W. D. (Don) Van Arnam

The Need for Higher Strength • Well depths are increasing, many with long horizontal sections. – Operations cannot be performed with existing coiled tubing grades due to axial load limitations. • Wellhead pressures are increasing – Require significantly higher pumping pressure while cycling tubing from reel to well and back. – Existing grades dilate rapidly and encounter physical restrictions.

Design Requirements � 130,000 psi min specified yield strength. � Maximum difference between actual tensile and yield strengths. � Consistently exceed fatigue cycle life of comparable size QT-1000.

High Strength Design Requirements � Be able to consistently manufacture and service with existing equipment. � Strip-to-strip bias welds – must be weldable by current process. � Tube-to-tube welds – must be weldable by current process.

High Strength Requirements Physical Property Value Minimum Yield Strength 130,000 PSI (125,000 PSI @ Bias) Minimum Tensile to Yield Difference 4,000 PSI 750,000 A 0.2 /U 0.9 Minimum Elongation Maximum Hardness Rockwell “C” 37 Notes on Elongation: A = Cross Sectional Area of Tubing U = Specified Minimum Tensile Strength of Tubing

Tubing Mechanical Properties Diameter (in) Wall Yield Tensile Elongation Thickness (in) Strength (psi) Strength (psi) (%) 1.75 0.134 138,500 143,600 24.5 1.75 0.156 145,800 150,200 22.5 1.75 0.175 146,200 151,600 22.0 1.75 0.188 141,600 147,400 22.5 1.75 0.203 144,700 150,000 27.5 2.00 0.134 141,200 146,200 24.5 2.00 0.156 143,600 149800 23.5 2.00 0.188 134,700 140,500 22.5 2.00 0.203 140,500 149,600 24.5

Burst Testing Diameter (in) Wall Length (in) Estimated Actual Burst Thickness (in) Burst (psi) (psi) 2.000 0.134 96.00 21,437 18,860 2.000 0.134 96.00 20,233 2.000 0.156 96.00 25,431 22,620 2.000 0.156 96.00 24,273 2.000 0.188 96.00 32,297 27,377 2.000 0.188 96.00 32,542 Estimated burst = Barlow’s formula using actual tensile strength No actual burst failures in the weld seam

Collapse Testing Diameter (in) Wall Calculated Estimated Actual Thickness (in) Ovality (%) Collapse (psi) Collapse (psi) 2.000 0.134 0.650 11,200 16,790 2.000 0.134 0.400 11,900 16,641 2.000 0.156 0.299 17,500 22,008 2.000 0.156 0.150 18,600 22,338 2.000 0.188 0.399 22,100 28,923 2.000 0.188 0.448 21,800 28,937 Estimated collapse = API 5C3 using actual wall and zero axial load

Function Testing • Tubing has been successfully shear tested – By Texas Oil Tools – Also by multiple customers • Tubing is currently being tested for behavior in injectors – By HydraRig – By Customer

Fatigue Performance Evaluation • Fatigue testing on Standard Fatigue test Machine – In excess of 350 samples tested over 72” radius – 36 samples tested over 48” radius • Standard set of ASTM E606 strain controlled fatigue tests • Used to develop algorithm for Flexor and Cerberus models

Fatigue Performance 1200 ����������������������������� ��� 1000 Wall ������������������ 800 Thickness (in) 0.203 600 0.188 0.175 0.156 400 0.134 200 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 ������������������������ Source: Cerberus

Fatigue Comparison to QT-1000 700 600 ������������������ 500 400 300 2.0 x 0.203 High strength 200 2.0 x 0.203 QT-1000 2.0 x 0.134 High strength 100 2.0 x 0.134 QT-1000 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 ������������������������ Source: Cerberus

High Strength versus QT-1000 Diametrical Growth for 2.000" x 0.156" 0.3 For 45 Cycles 0.25 0.2 Diametrical Growth (in) For 300 Cycles 0.15 QT-1000 High Strength 0.1 0.05 0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Internal Test Pressure (psi)

Overpull Comparison of QT-1000 to High Strength 80,000 1.750" Diameter String 0.203 10,000 ft 70,000 0.203 - 0.188 700 ft 0.188 2,000 ft 0.188 - 0.175 700 ft 60,000 High 0.175 4,000 ft Strength 0.175 - 0.156 1,600 ft 50,000 0.156 6,000 ft 0.156 - 0.134 2,000 ft 0.134 4,000 ft 40,000 Overpull (lbs) Total 31,000 ft 30,000 QT-1000 QT-1000 1.750 True-Taper 20,000 High Strength 1.750 True-Taper 10,000 0 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 Axial Overload -10,000 -20,000 String Depth (feet)

Internal Yield Pressure Comparison of QT-1000 and High Strength 35000 1.750" Diameter String 0.203 10,000 ft 0.203 - 0.188 700 ft 30000 0.188 2,000 ft High Strength 0.188 - 0.175 700 ft 0.175 4,000 ft 25000 0.175 - 0.156 1,600 ft 0.156 6,000 ft Internal Pressure (PSI) 0.156 - 0.134 2,000 ft QT-1000 0.134 4,000 ft 20000 Total 31,000 ft 15000 QT-1000 1.750 True-Taper 10000 High Strength 1.750 True-Taper 5000 0 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 String Length (feet)

Next Development Goals • Further develop the Bias Welding process to capture a higher percentage of the parent material’s strength Additional fatigue and mechanical properties • testing to verify product performance in additional sizes Fully develop a tube-to-tube welding procedure • for the manufactured tubing

Thank You For Your Attention