Need for a Contemporary Approach to the Management of Disasters by - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Need for a Contemporary Approach to the Management of Disasters by Various Organs of the State Dr. Mohan Kanda Formerly Member National Disaster Management Authority

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY A disaster is an event causing extreme disruption of the functioning of society, that resulting in widespread human, material, or environmental losses beyond the ability of the affected people to cope with on their own. They can be natural (floods, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides etc.) or man-made (riots, terrorist, bomb blasts, chemical, biological radiological and nuclear accidents etc.). 2

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY What are natural disasters? (floods, earthquakes, droughts, landslides and cyclones) man-made – riots, wars, injuring, terrorist - incidents, bomb blasts, air/sea/road accidents 3

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Mitigation of losses to life and property increases with prevention and preparedness. Broadly speaking. risk x exposure Vulnerability = preparedness 4

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NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Wor orld ldwide Disaster wide Disasters s Impacts : Impacts : 1992 1992 - 2012 2012 4.4 Billion Affected 2.0 Trillion Damage (USD) Source: UNISDR 6

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY MITIGATION IMPACT INCIDENCE OF DISASTERS Legend Severe Moderate Low 7

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Indian Scenario British risk assessors Mapelcroft - India along with six other countries (Mexico, the Philippines, Turkey, Indonesia, Italy, and Canada) was rated as "high risk" in absolute terms. According to the World Bank: i. Direct losses from natural disasters have been estimated to amount up to 2 per cent of India’s GDP and up to 12 per cent of central government revenues. ii. One dollar spent on prevention saves ten. 8

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY EARTHQUAKES Magnitude (Richter) Year Country Fatalities 6.4 1993 India (Latur) 7,928 6.7 1994 USA (California) 60 > 6.0 2003-05 (7 Events) Japan 34 6.7 2003 Iran (Bam) 40,000 6.5 2010 USA (California) Nil 9

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHO ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERS 2009 Floods  Five districts of the then A.P., were hit by flash floods and the worst affected by the downpour were the districts of Mahbubnagar and Kurnool.  The loss reported was of the tune of Rs 12,000 Cr . 2010 cyclonic storm ‘ Laila ’  The “ Laila ” cyclone, which crossed the Andhra Pradesh coast near Bapatla caused an estimated loss of Rs 1,630 Cr. Eye-Opener Statistics  State GDP for A.P. for the year 2009-10 was Rs 2,65,000 Cr (constant prices) with a Growth Rate of 5.04% .  Total losses due to Floods (2009) and Cyclonic Storm (2010) is Rs 13,630 Cr , which incidentally is 5.14 % of the SGDP ( More than the Growth Rate ). 10

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Hazard Profile of India • India is vulnerable in varying degrees to a large number of natural as well as man-made hazards. • Over 40 million hectares (12 per cent of land) is prone to floods and river erosion. • 58.6 per cent of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of moderate to very high intensity. • Of the 7,516 km coastline, close to 5,700 km (nearly 76 per cent of coastline) is prone to cyclones and tsunamis. • 68 per cent of the cultivable area is vulnerable to drought and hilly areas are at risk from landslides and avalanches (nearly 15 per cent of landmass). • Further, the vulnerability to Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) disasters and terrorism has also increased. 11

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Disaster Management in India 1. Until 2001 – Responsibility with Agriculture Ministry. 2. Responsibility Transferred to MHA in June 2002. 3. NDMA constituted with Executive Order in May 2005. 4. DM Act passed in December 2005. 12

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Disaster Management Act, 2005 13

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY PARADIGM SHIFT APPROACH  Paradigm Shift from Response Centric to a Holistic and Integrated Approach. The cascading architecture of the DM log - frame is a seamless continuum between the Act, the National Policy the guidelines of NDMA on various disasters, the plans prepared by the central government/states departments and the structural and non-structural measures arising therefrom. The underlying there is the transition from focusing the three Rs (relief, rehabilitation and recovery) to the two Ps (prevention and preparedness).  Backed by – Policy, authorities at all levels, supported by Institutional Framework and financial arrangements duly enabled by a statutory environment. 14

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Engagement with Hudhud in Visakhapatnam demonstrated strikingly the value of an early warning – especially when it is really early and predicts the land fall (where the cyclone crosses the coast) accurately. This time, such a forecast enabled a slew of invaluable measures to be taken including • large scale evacuation of people to safer for areas, • preemptive stoppage of potentially hazardous bus, rail, road and water transport and – • preventive shutdown of power supply and threatened radar equipment • to mention but a few. The lessons learnt in this process will need to feed into the extant DM plans of major cities of our country including Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai all affected recently by either floods, earthquakes or cyclones. 15

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY It is unfortunate fact that prevention, while better than the cure, lacks the political glamour and administrative appeal that post- event activities enjoy in terms of public recognition. 16

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY A critical and immediate concern is the establishment, and importantly, the enforcement, of techno-legal regimes. Floods, in India are a state - subject under our constitution. A draft Flood Plain Zoning Regulation, that could substantially improve flood- mitigation efforts, circulated in 1975 by the central government, has so far been converted into law only by Mizoram and Rajasthan! A poor commentary that on the importance attached to that subject by the other states. 17

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Disaster Management Act (DM Act) - 2005 A paradigm shift • From a response and relief-centric approach to a holistic approach covering prevention, mitigation and preparedness to rehabilitation, reconstruction and recovery. • The Act provides for: • Establishment of legal and institutional framework at all three levels i.e. National, State and District. • Formulation of policy and plan backed by statutory and financial support. • Mainstreaming of multi-sectoral DM concerns into the developmental process and mitigation measures. 18

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Salient Features – DM Act DM Structure National Level  NDMA set up as the Apex Body with the PM as Chairperson.  National Executive Committee (NEC) under Home Secretary with Secretaries of 14 Ministries and Chief of Integrated Defence Staff Function as Executive Committee of NDMA. (Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Defence, Drinking Water Supply, Environment and Forests, Finance (Expenditure), Health, Power, Rural Development, Science and Technology, Space, Telecommunication, Urban Development, Water Resources). 19

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Responsibilities of Central Ministries/ Departments  Take necessary measures for prevention of disasters, mitigation, preparedness and capacity building; (Section 36)  Integrate the measures for prevention or mitigation of disasters into their development plans and projects; (Section 36)  Prepare Disaster Management Plan and update annually; (Section 37)  Allocate funds for undertaking the activities under its DM Plan; (Section 49) 20

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Institutional Mechanism: nodal ministries/departments Sl. Disaster Disaster being handled by Nodal Ministry No. 1. Earthquakes Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Earth Sciences 2. Floods Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Water Resources 3. Cyclones Ministry of Home Affairs India Meteorological Department under Ministry of Earth Sciences 4. Tsunamis Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Earth Sciences 5. Landslides Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Mines 6. Avalanches Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Defence 7. Droughts, Ministry of Agriculture & Department of Agriculture & Hailstorms & Pest Cooperation Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture Attacks 21