may include DMDHEU, diisocyanates, perfluorinated acids, fluoropolymers, paraffin-based DWRs NE W A PPRO A CH ES I N C O TTO N C R O S S LI N K I N G G R E E N E R S O L U T I O N S 2 0 1 3 J O E C H A R B O N N E T J E N L AW R E N C E L E A H R U B I N S A R A T E P F E R
H E A LT H B A S E L IN E C U R R E N T T E C H N O L O G Y: W R I N K LE R E S I S TA N C E DMDHEU WRINKLES ARE CREATED BY DMDHEU CROSSLINKS COTTON CONTRIBUTES TO FREE FORMALDEHYDE IN DISORDERLY HYDROGEN FIBERS IN ORDERED, WRINKLE FABRICS BONDS BETWEEN WATER FREE PATTERN AND COTTON VARIETY OF NAMES: PERMANENT PRESS, WRINKLE-FREE, EASY CARE, NEVER-IRON TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
H E A LT H B A S E L IN E C U R R E N T T E C H N O L O G Y: WAT E R R E P E L L E N C Y WATER REPELLENCY ACHIEVED LEVI’S COMMUTER JEANS THROUGH CROSSLINKING TO A CROSSLINK A PARAFFIN-BASED DURABLE WATER REPELLENT [DWR] DWR, ECOREPEL, WITH DIISOCYANATES TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
H E A LT H I M PA C T S FORMALDEHYDE DIISOCYANATES EXPOSURE ROUTES EXPOSURE ROUTES • INHALATION OF FUMES • MAY BE APPLIED IN GARMENT FORM • ABSORPTION THROUGH SKIN • INCREASES EXPOSURE SEVERE HEALTH ISSUES SEVERE HEALTH ISSUES • SKIN, EYE, AND RESPIRATORY IRRITANT • NERVOUS SYSTEM DAMAGE • RESPIRATORY SENSITIZER • ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION • PRODUCES ASTHMA • NASAL CANCER • POSSIBLE CARCINOGEN • NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER • LEUKEMIA • SKIN SENSITIZER • RESPIRATORY SENSITIZER TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
G O A L S TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
G O A L S TO DETERMINE WHAT BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED OPPORTUNITIES EXIST FOR LEVI STRAUSS & CO. TO MODIFY CURRENT CROSSLINKING TECHNOLOGIES USED TO IMPART WRINKLE-RESISTANCE AND WATER-REPELLENCY. TO EVALUATE SOLUTIONS’ HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS RELATIVE TO CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES. TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
W H AT I S B I O M IM I C R Y ? BIOMIMICRY IS LEARNING FROM AND THEN EMULATING NATURAL FORMS, PROCESSES, AND ECOSYSTEMS TO CREATE MORE SUSTAINABLE DESIGNS TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S COVALENT INTERACTIONS TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S NON-COVALENT INTERACTIONS TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S COORDINATION WITH METALS TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S STRUCTURAL FEATURES TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S COMMON THEMES COVALENT + NONCOVALENT SOLUTIONS 12 EXAMPLES STRATEGIES MULTIPLE BONDING CROSSLINKING + BONDS TYPES WITH CELLULOSE TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S COMMON THEMES COMMON THEMES COVALENT + NONCOVALENT COVALENT + NONCOVALENT SOLUTIONS 12 EXAMPLES 12 EXAMPLES STRATEGIES STRATEGIES SOLUTIONS MULTIPLE BONDING MULTIPLE BONDING CROSSLINKING + BONDS CROSSLINKING + BONDS TYPES TYPES WITH CELLULOSE WITH CELLULOSE R A N A S M U R F I N Oke, et al, 2008. TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S COMMON THEMES COMMON THEMES COVALENT + NONCOVALENT COVALENT + NONCOVALENT SOLUTIONS 12 EXAMPLES 12 EXAMPLES STRATEGIES STRATEGIES SOLUTIONS MULTIPLE BONDING MULTIPLE BONDING CROSSLINKING + BONDS CROSSLINKING + BONDS TYPES TYPES WITH CELLULOSE WITH CELLULOSE R A N A S M U R F I N COVALENT INTERACTIONS DISULFIDE BONDS Oke, et al, 2008. TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S COMMON THEMES COMMON THEMES COVALENT + NONCOVALENT COVALENT + NONCOVALENT SOLUTIONS 12 EXAMPLES 12 EXAMPLES STRATEGIES STRATEGIES SOLUTIONS MULTIPLE BONDING MULTIPLE BONDING CROSSLINKING + BONDS CROSSLINKING + BONDS TYPES TYPES WITH CELLULOSE WITH CELLULOSE R A N A S M U R F I N COVALENT INTERACTIONS DISULFIDE BONDS NON-COVALENT INTERACTIONS HYDROGEN BONDS Oke, et al, 2008. TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S COMMON THEMES COMMON THEMES COVALENT + NONCOVALENT COVALENT + NONCOVALENT SOLUTIONS 12 EXAMPLES 12 EXAMPLES STRATEGIES STRATEGIES SOLUTIONS MULTIPLE BONDING MULTIPLE BONDING CROSSLINKING + BONDS CROSSLINKING + BONDS TYPES TYPES WITH CELLULOSE WITH CELLULOSE R A N A S M U R F I N COVALENT INTERACTIONS DISULFIDE BONDS NON-COVALENT INTERACTIONS HYDROGEN BONDS ANCILLARY METALS COORDINATION COMPLEXES Oke, et al, 2008. TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S COMMON THEMES COMMON THEMES COVALENT + NONCOVALENT COVALENT + NONCOVALENT SOLUTIONS 12 EXAMPLES 12 EXAMPLES STRATEGIES STRATEGIES SOLUTIONS MULTIPLE BONDING MULTIPLE BONDING CROSSLINKING + BONDS CROSSLINKING + BONDS TYPES TYPES WITH CELLULOSE WITH CELLULOSE CROSSLINKING IN NATURE IS VERY COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL CROSSLINKING TEXTILE CROSSLINKING TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S COMMON THEMES COMMON THEMES COVALENT + NONCOVALENT COVALENT + NONCOVALENT SOLUTIONS 12 EXAMPLES 12 EXAMPLES STRATEGIES STRATEGIES SOLUTIONS MULTIPLE BONDING MULTIPLE BONDING CROSSLINKING + BONDS CROSSLINKING + BONDS TYPES TYPES WITH CELLULOSE WITH CELLULOSE CROSSLINKING IN NATURE IS VERY COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL CROSSLINKING TEXTILE CROSSLINKING MULTIPLE BONDING STRUCTURES • COVALENT INTERACTIONS • NON-COVALENT INTERACTIONS • COORDINATION WITH METALS • STRUCTURAL FEATURES TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S COMMON THEMES COMMON THEMES COVALENT + NONCOVALENT COVALENT + NONCOVALENT SOLUTIONS 12 EXAMPLES 12 EXAMPLES STRATEGIES STRATEGIES SOLUTIONS MULTIPLE BONDING MULTIPLE BONDING CROSSLINKING + BONDS CROSSLINKING + BONDS TYPES TYPES WITH CELLULOSE WITH CELLULOSE CROSSLINKING IN NATURE IS VERY COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL CROSSLINKING TEXTILE CROSSLINKING MULTIPLE BONDING STRUCTURES MULTIPLE BONDING STRUCTURES • COVALENT INTERACTIONS • COVALENT INTERACTIONS • NON-COVALENT INTERACTIONS • NON-COVALENT INTERACTIONS + STRUCTURAL FEATURES • COORDINATION WITH METALS • STRUCTURAL FEATURES TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S COMMON THEMES COMMON THEMES COVALENT + NONCOVALENT COVALENT + NONCOVALENT SOLUTIONS 12 EXAMPLES 12 EXAMPLES STRATEGIES STRATEGIES SOLUTIONS MULTIPLE BONDING MULTIPLE BONDING CROSSLINKING + BONDS CROSSLINKING + BONDS TYPES TYPES WITH CELLULOSE WITH CELLULOSE CROSSLINKING IN NATURE IS VERY COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL CROSSLINKING TEXTILE CROSSLINKING MULTIPLE BONDING STRUCTURES MULTIPLE BONDING STRUCTURES • COVALENT INTERACTIONS • COVALENT INTERACTIONS • NON-COVALENT INTERACTIONS • NON-COVALENT INTERACTIONS + STRUCTURAL FEATURES • COORDINATION WITH METALS • STRUCTURAL FEATURES MULTIPLE BONDING POINTS TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
T R A N S L AT I N G B I O L O G Y T O T E X T I L E S COMMON THEMES COMMON THEMES COVALENT + NONCOVALENT COVALENT + NONCOVALENT SOLUTIONS 12 EXAMPLES 12 EXAMPLES STRATEGIES STRATEGIES SOLUTIONS MULTIPLE BONDING MULTIPLE BONDING CROSSLINKING + BONDS CROSSLINKING + BONDS TYPES TYPES WITH CELLULOSE WITH CELLULOSE CROSSLINKING IN NATURE IS VERY COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL CROSSLINKING TEXTILE CROSSLINKING MULTIPLE BONDING STRUCTURES MULTIPLE BONDING STRUCTURES • COVALENT INTERACTIONS • COVALENT INTERACTIONS • NON-COVALENT INTERACTIONS • NON-COVALENT INTERACTIONS + STRUCTURAL FEATURES • COORDINATION WITH METALS • STRUCTURAL FEATURES MULTIPLE BONDING POINTS MULTIPLE BONDING POINTS • TWO BONDING POINTS TECHNICAL HEALTH CONTEXT METHODS CROSSLINKING STRATEGIES CONCLUSIONS FEASIBILITY IMPACTS
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