TREATMENT OF POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER USING A STATIC GRANULAR BED REACTOR COUPLED WITH UF MEMBRANES MOSES BASITERE 13th IWA Specialized conference on small water and wastewater Systems (SWWS)
Presentation outline Background The big picture Water stress in South Africa Core motives/Objectives of the study Literature Review Results and Discussion Conclusion and Recommendations
Background Poultry slaughterhouse consume large quantities of fresh water to ensure production of hygienically safe poultry products. This result in generation of high strength wastewater which contain high levels of COD, BOD, TSS, FOG, and nutrients. The wastewater generated doesn’t meet SA government’s industrial wastewater discharge standards. If this wastewater is untreated, it pose severe risks to municipal sewer systems and the environment.
The big picture
Water stress The country must conserve its water resources and also treat its degraded water resource
Core motives/ objectives Lower discharge Meet discharge cost standards Zero liquid Effluent discharge Water ISO - 14001 re-use
Literature review Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater characteristics Table 1: Typical poultry slaughterhouse wastewater characteristics according to literature Treatment COD BOD TSS FOG TP TN References (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) method EGSB 2133-4137 1100-2750 315-1273 131-684 8-27 - Basitere et al., 2016 Membrane filtration 1300-3772 200 -2341 200 -2446 100 -970 14-50 - Abboah-Afari, 2011 Hybrid-UASB 3000-4800 750-1890 300-950 800- 1385 16-32 16 -165 Rajakumar et al., 2011 UF membrane 3610-4180 1900-2200 2280-2446 289-389 - - Yordanov, 2010 SGBR & SASBR 775 -2100 - 1850- 3750 - 5.8 -12.1 190-475 Debik & Coskun, 2009 DAF & UASB 2060-4380 1559-2683 480-1230 131-261 - - De Nardi et al., 2008 DAF & UASB 2360-4690 1190-2624 640-1213 249-702 33- 128 20-68 Del Nery et al., 2007 UASB 5800- 11,600 4524- 8700 726-1462 147-666 7.17-12.74 10.5- 11,150 Chavez et al., 2005
Static Granular Sludge Bed Reactor &UF membranes BIOGAS BIOGAS METHANE METER FEED UF UF MEMBRANE MEMBRANE 1 2 BACKWASH VALVE HOT WATER OVERFLOW SGBR CIRCULATION LINE FEED TANK BACKWASH VALVE PERMEATE FEED PERMEATE GRANULES BACKWASH VALVE SGBR THERMOSTATIC UF UF PEA GRAVEL PRODUCT WATER BATH MEMBRANE 1 MEMBRANE 2 SIEVE TANK PERMEATE PERMEATE TANK TANK PERISTALTIC HOT WATER PUMP CIRCULATION PRODUCT
Static Granular Sludge Bed Reactor operating conditions Operating conditions (HRT and OLR) for the SGBR system over a period of 64 days Dilution Operating Time Flow rate HRT OLR (%) (days) (L/h) (hrs) (g COD/Lday) 50 1-19 0.0278 55 0.56 67 20-28 0.0278 55 0.67 None 29-44 0.0278 55 1.73 None 45-64 0.0383 40 3.14
Static Granular Sludge Bed Reactor Average SGBR Feed
Results and discussions SGBR COD removal HRT: 55 HRT: 55 HRT: 55 HRT: 40 OLR: 0.56 OLR: 0.67 OLR: 1.73 OLR: 3.14 10000 100 9000 90 8000 80 50% 67% 7000 70 dilution COD Removal (%) dilution COD (mg/L.d) 6000 60 5000 50 4000 40 3000 30 2000 20 1000 10 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Operating Time (days) SGBR Feed COD SGBR Product COD CCT By-Law Discharge Limit COD Removal Overall COD Removal = 93 %
Results and discussions SGBR TSS Removal HRT: 55 HRT: 55 HRT: 55 HRT: 40 OLR: 0.56 OLR: 0.67 OLR: 3.14 OLR: 1.73 5000 100 4500 90 4000 80 TSS Removal (%) No dilution 50% No dilution 67% 3500 dilution 70 dilution TSS (mg/L) 3000 60 2500 50 2000 40 1500 30 1000 20 500 10 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Operating Time (days) SGBR Feed TSS SGBR Product TSS TSS Removal Overall TSS Removal = 95%
Results and discussions VFA/ALKALINITY RATIO 8 0,16 7 0,14 6 0,12 VFA/Alkalinity Ratio 5 0,10 pH 4 0,08 3 0,06 2 0,04 1 0,02 0 0,00 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52 Operating Time (days) SGBR product pH VFA/Alkalinity Ratio VFA/ALK Ratio = 0.01 to 0.14
Results and discussion U-F membranes Average Retention Parameter Units Average SGBR Product Averaged UF Permeate (%) mg/L COD 162 59 64 mg/L TSS 29 4 88 mg/L FOG 60 31 29
Results and discussion Overall perfomance SGBR TO UF Averaged� Averaged� UF� Overall� %� Parameter� Units� SGBR� Feed� Permeate� Removal� � � � � � � � � COD� mg/L� 4681� 59� 98.7� � � � � � � � � TSS� mg/L� 2651� 4� 99.8� � � � FOG� mg/L� � 406� 31� 92.4�
SGBR FEED SGBR product and UF
Conclusion and recomendations The bench-scale SGBR anaerobic digester coupled with UF membranes was successfully employed for treating poultry slaughterhouse wastewater under mesophilic conditions and different organic loading rates. The average COD, TSS and FOG removal efficiencies for the SGBR system was greater 90% over a period of 64 days. The UF membranes used as a post-treatment for the SGBR product showed an average COD, TSS and FOG removal of 63%, 88% and 29%, respectively The overall COD, TSS and FOG removal of the coupled SGBR and UF membranes was greater than 90 %.
THANK - YOU
City of Cape Town By-Law (2013) and SANS 241-1: 2011 parameter discharge standards [2] DWA 2010 SANS241 WCape Mangaug Parameter Units General limit Operational limits Not to exceed operation limits Temperature at point of o C Entry 40 44 Conductivity ms/m 70-150 <150 500 pH at 25 5.5-9.5 5.5-9.5 12 10 COD mg/L 75 5000 SS mg/L 25 1000 TDS at 105 0 C mg/L <1000 4000 2-) Total sulphates (SO 4 mg/L <400 1500 1500 O&G mg/L 2.5 400 400 TP mg/L 10 25 Faecal coliforms(per 100ml) 1000 Turbidity NTU <1.0 Amonia as Nitrogen mg/l <1.0 DOC mg/l <10 Nitrates mg/l 15
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