Monitoring in surface water (and groundwater) (emerging substances/ - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Monitoring in surface water (and groundwater) (emerging substances/ micropollutants and microplastics) Dr. Friederike Vietoris, MULNV NRW UWWTD Evaluation and Fitness Check of the WFD and FD - Workshop on emerging pollutants Session 1 (Pollutants of emerging concerns and mixtures in surface and groundwater – nature and extent of the problem) 24 October 2018, Brussels

Special relevance of micropollutants in NRW • Drinking water supply is often covered by bank filtration/ groundwater enrichment • High population density and high degree of sealing • Intensive agriculture • High level of industrialisation → High amount of treated waste water in surface waters → Only 6% of surface waters with intact ecosystems (good ecological status)  Precautionary protection of drinking and surface water!  Environmental and drinking water protection measures/ Measures to reach a good chemical/ ecological status!

Timeline: Micropollutants in NRW 2006 2008 2009 2012 2016 2018 NRW-funded research on the environmental compatibility of micropollutants: since 1998 Programme "Reine Ruhr" PFT pollution in the Competence Center Ruhr Area Micropollutants.NRW with the support of an Expert Commission Assessment values Upgrading of the first for surface waters Pro.o.M. 2016-2021 municipal WWTP for the Trigger Biomonitoring PFT elimination of micropollutants Determination of sources First plant for the • Contaminated surfaces treatment of hospital  Research and development • Industries waste water • Water/Waste water treatment  Monitoring / Surveillance  Development and Quelle : EGLV Martina Stremme / panthermedia.net implementation of measures  Information and communication

4 Waste water load in surface waters

Integrated Monitoring Concept Integrated Monitoring Concept – Comprehensive and sustainable protection of people, environment and resources Protective objective Protective objective interlinking „Drinking water“ „Surface water/ aquatic ecology“ Monitoring programmes Waste Drinking Ground Surface Raw water water water water water

Which substances are monitored? (surface water) OGewV (2016), Chemical Annex 8 (58 substances) status OGewV (2016), Ecological Annex 6 (67 substances) status – river basin specific OGewV (2016), Support for biological Ecological quality elements - … Annex 7 (O 2 , T, pH, NO 3 status 11 substances) Ecological Further substances status … (> 400 substances) - Chemical status ≠ chemical “quality" of waters - 100,000 substances are handled in the EU  Only a very small part of the "handled" substances are regulated/ monitored

Sources of knowledge about relevant micropolutants  Results from “normal - target monitoring” (surface water, groundwater, waste water, drinking water …)  Special measuring programs in NRW - EU watch list, - testing of new investigation methods (e.g. passive samplers, new bioanalytical tools ...), - investigations within the scope of research projects (microplastics, mixed toxicity project ... ), - non-target monitoring.  Knowledge of production processes or application of substances/ release  Further notes on relevance from external investigations and projects  Exchange of information and experience at federal and EU level

Monitoring results (2012 – 2014) – TOP 25 („unregulated“ substances) % evaluated river Name of substance Sample material length % exceedance Metformin Water 8.8 96.5 4-Aminoantipyrin Water 9.6 92.5 Subject of Gabapentin Water 10.6 91.4 4-Acetamidoantipyrin Water 10.6 87.6 protection: 4-Formylaminoantipyrin Water 10.6 86.3 Amidotrizoic acid Water 13.3 85.1 aquatic Iopamidol Water 14.1 78.6 Diclofenac Water 15.5 75.7 ecology 10,11-Dihydro-10,11-dihydroxycarbamazepin Water 10.6 71.6 Iomeprol Water 13.3 70.1 Benzo(ghi)-peryleni+Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyren Water 14.2 60.9 Cadmium Suspended solid 9.6 60.6 Pyren Water 12.3 58.2 Titan Water 14.2 54.6 Desphenyl-chloridazon Water 20.3 51.5 Valsartan Water 9.0 50.6 Candesartan Water 9.0 48.7 Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyren Water 14.0 48.1 Iopromid Water 14.1 45.5 Desfenlafaxin hydrochloride Water 9.0 44.4 Metazachlor sulfonic acid Water 17.6 43.9 Metolachlor sulfonic acid Water 17.6 41.4 (13.06.2016) Benzo(a)anthracen Water 12.6 38.1 Monobutyltin-cation Water 7.8 35.4 Zinc Water 93.0 30.6

Frequency of exceedance for the subject of protection „drinking water supply“ Relevance Number of Max. exceedance Name of substance Catchment areas with exceedances (number) criterion [µg/L] exceedance factor Diemel (3), Ems NRW (6), Ijsselmeerzuflüsse NRW TWZ mittelfristig Gabapentin 103 22 (10), Lippe (4), Rheingraben-Nord (31), Ruhr (27), Sieg (VWa: 0.1) TWZ mittelfristig = (10), Weser NRW (12) drinking water specific target TWZ mittelfristig value medium-term Ibuprofen 0 0 - (GOW: 1.0) VWa = TWZ mittelfristig Ems NRW (2), Ijsselmeerzuflüsse NRW (5), Weser Diclofenac 9 4 general (GOW: 0.3) NRW (2) precautionary value Diemel (3), Ems NRW (4), Ijsselmeerzuflüsse NRW 4-Formylamino- TWZ mittelfristig 88 18 (10), Lippe (4), Rheingraben-Nord (23), Ruhr (22), Sieg GOW = antipyrin (VWa: 0.1) (10), Weser NRW (12) health-related orientation value TWZ mittelfristig Metformin 1 6 8.6 Rheingraben-Nord (3), Ruhr (2), Sieg (1) (VWa: 0.1) 10,11-Dihydro-10,11- Diemel (3), Ems NRW (3), Ijsselmeerzuflüsse NRW (8), TWZ mittelfristig dihydroxy- 60 9 Lippe (3), Rheingraben-Nord (8), Ruhr (18), Sieg (7), (VWa: 0.1) carbamazepin Weser NRW (10) 1 Use of GOW of 1.0 µg/L instead of the VWa of 0.1 µg/L after 3 rd quater 2014

Non-target analytics Target substances Suspected-target substances Target substances Suspected-target substances Rhein – Bad Honnef number of „unkown“ substances postive mode: ~ 1600 negative mode : ~ 1100 number of „unkown“ substances postive mode: ~ 3200 Niers - Viersen negative mode : ~ 2100 Pharmaceuticals Pesticides Pharmaceuticals Pesticides Industrial chemicals Others (e.g. personal care products) Industrial chemicals Others (e.g. personal care products)

Results for surface water NRW (2012 - 2014) I. Chemical status predominantly Hg (biota), PAH, PFOS, PBDE, TBT, cadmium … II. River basin specific substances predominantly zinc, copper, PCB's (local), organotin compounds, some pesticides … III. Supporting elements nutrients … IV. Further substances pharmaceuticals (u.a. Diclofenac, Clarithromycin, Ibuprofen, Sotalol), PFC, PAH, organotin compounds …  For > 150 substances the assessment values were exceeded in the monitoring cycle, thereof about 100 substances without legally binding EQS (32 pharmaceuticals incl. metabolites).

Relevant substances in groundwater (Germany)  Regulated: nitrate (50 mg/l), pesticides and relevant metabolites (rm) (0.1 µg/l single parameter, 0.5 µg/l sum)  Non-regulated: non-relevant metabolites (nrm)  Most frequently observed pesticides/ rm and nrm in German groundwaters: pesticides/rm permitted? nrm Atrazine/Desethylatrazine No Desphenyl chloridazone Bentazone Yes Metolachlor sulfonic acid Bromacil No Metazachlor sulfonic acid 1,2-Dichlorpropane No N,N-dimethylsulfamid Diuron No Metolachlor acid Simazine No Metazachlor acid Mecoprop Yes Dimethachlor sulfonic acid Data: UBA (2018, Draft, will be published in Jan 2019)

Results for human pharmaceuticals (LAWA)  First results since early 2000, analytics available  Surface water: human pharmaceuticals are found quasi ubiquitously in waste water-impaired waters  Groundwater: according to the current state of knowledge, groundwater is not contaminated to a large extent with medicinal substances for human use  In particular, human pharmaceuticals with high application quantities and moderate / poor biodegradability, partly also their metabolites / transformation products, are introduced year-round into the aquatic environment via WWTPs LAWA (2016)

Handling „not regulated" substances (NRW) When in a surface water body  according to the monitoring results, the good ecological status/ potential is not achieved because biological quality elements are moderate or worse and  substances are detected which are not regulated in Annexes 6 - 8 OGewV, but for which Annex D4* of the Monitoring Guideline NRW contains concentration values which, if exceeded, may damage the aquatic biocenosis, and  the concentration values of Annex D4 of the Monitoring Guideline NRW have been exceeded, then,  in view of the moderate or worse ecological status or the ecological potential not achieved, it can be assumed that the exceedance of the concentration values is (partly) responsible for the damage of the aquatic biocenosis. Something else applies if the ecological deficits cannot be attributed to the substance under consideration, because the substance alone affects ecological quality elements that are not in deficit. * Annex D4 – list of regulated and unregulated substances with assessment values (draft EQS, PNEC, ..)