6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 Understanding Our Water Resources Groundwater and Surface Water Surface Water wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 1
GROUNDWATER: 6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 Water Below Ground Surface Water Below Ground Surface Most Other Places Florida Florida AQUIFER: A Water ‐ Bearing Stratum of Permeable Rock, Sand, or Gravel wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 2
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 SURFACE WATER: Water Above Ground Surface Ground Surface LAKES RIVERS SPRINGS ‐ Trick Question! wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 3
6/ 25/ 2013 Effects of Pumping on Baseflow SURFACE WATER AND SURFACE WATER AND wn o f Clarkdale GROUNDWATER – ONE SYSTEM o w T Lacher Hydrological Consulting 4
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 Groundwater and Surface Water: How Are They Related? Recharge Area Discharge Area Baseflow Groundwater zone (Aquifer) wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale Source: Winter, T.C., J.W. Harvey, Franke, O.L., and W.M. Alley, 1998, Ground Water and Surface Water – A Single Resource, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139, Denver, CO. o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 5
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 Natural Changes to Groundwater System g y Recharge Recharge Stream S Groundwater mounds Discharge wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 6
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 Two Different Types of Streams Gaining Stream Verde River Through Verde Valley Losing Stream Verde River from wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale Headwaters to Mormon Pocket o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 7
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 BASEFLOW: Groundwater Component p of Streamflow Homochitto River, MS wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 8
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 How Do Pumping Wells Affect the Natural Hydrologic System? Discharge area Gaining Stream Source: Winter, T.C., J.W. Harvey, Franke, O.L., and W.M. Alley, 1998, Ground Water and Surface Water – A Single Resource, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139, Denver, CO. wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 9
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 Some Time After Pumping Begins p g g NEW DISCHARGE AREA Pumping Pumping Well Less Gaining Stream Source: Winter, T.C., J.W. Harvey, Franke, O.L., and W.M. Alley, 1998, Ground Water and Surface Water – A Single Resource, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139, Denver, CO. wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale Modified Groundwater Flow Direction o w o w Reduced Groundwater to Stream T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 10
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 After Prolonged Pumping After Prolonged Pumping Pumping Pumping Well Losing Stream Source: Winter, T.C., J.W. Harvey, Franke, O.L., and W.M. Alley, 1998, Ground Water and Surface Water – A Single Resource, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139, Denver, CO. wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale CAPTURE : Pumping ‐ Induced Source Water for Wells o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 11
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 Short ‐ term Medium ‐ term Long ‐ term wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale Source: SIR 2010 ‐ 5147 o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 12
< 20% tamarisk 6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 Gaining 50% tamarisk Stressed Losing 100% tamarisk 100% tamarisk Disconnected Disconnected wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 13 Source: Stromberg, J.C., Lite, S.J., Dixon, M., Rychener, M. and E. Makings, 2006, Chapter C in USGS SIR 2005 ‐ 5163.
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 Effects of Pumping May Continue for a Long, Long Time... Even After Pumping Stops Even After Pumping Stops Simulated Baseflow Capture Due to Pumping in Simulated Baseflow Capture Due to Pumping in Si Simulated Change in Stream Capture from 2005 l t d Ch i St C t f 2005 a Distant Well in a Single Year (2005) Pumping at Fort Huachuca 10.00 1600 1400 8.00 1200 1200 ream Capture (AFY) 6.00 Pumping (AFY) 1000 4.00 800 600 2.00 Str 2032 400 0.00 200 ‐ 2.00 0 wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale Year Pumping Stream Capture o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 14
6/ 25/ 2013 Hydrologic Tools for Understanding Water Systems GROUNDWATER MODELS GROUNDWATER MODELS wn o f Clarkdale o w T Lacher Hydrological Consulting 15
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 MODEL: A Description or Analogy Used to Help Visualize Something that Cannot be Directly Observed Something that Cannot be Directly Observed. ‐‐ Merriam ‐ Webster Dictionary definition no. 11 wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 16
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 GROUNDWATER MODEL: A Computer Program that Uses Flow Equations to Make Sense of Uses Flow Equations to Make Sense of a Complex Natural System. Numerical Model Evaporation OUTPUT OUTPUT INPUT Groundwater Conditions, Pumping, Baseflow, Stream Diversions, S Streams Evaporative E i Evaporative Consumption Demand Aquifers Flow Equations Flow Equations wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 17
6/ 25/ 2013 Why Use a Groundwater Model? Why Use a Groundwater Model? • To test the outcome of actions that can’t To test the outcome of actions that can t easily be done in real life. – future pumping – future pumping – moving wells – creating new recharge projects creating new recharge projects wn o f Clarkdale o w T Lacher Hydrological Consulting 18
What We Know About Our System 6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 Geology Streamflow Evaporative Demand Evaporative Demand Groundwater Levels Pumping wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 19 Source: SIR 2013 ‐ 5029
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 From Conceptual to Numerical Model Numerical Conceptual wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale Source: SIR 2012 ‐ 5192 o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 20
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 Source: SIR 2013 ‐ 5029 wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale Source: SIR 2010 ‐ 5180 Source: SIR 2010 5180 o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 21
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 What Can We Learn About Baseflow From a Groundwater Model? From a Groundwater Model? Relative change attributable to human stresses; Verde River nr. Clarkdale, USGS streamflow ‐ gaging station 095400 Historic Baseflow Capture (1910 ‐ 2005) Relative change attributable to human stresses; Verde River nr. Clarkdale, USGS streamflow ‐ gaging station 095400 wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale Projected Baseflow Capture (2005 ‐ 2110) o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 22
What Can We Learn About Groundwater 6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 from a Model? from a Model? wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale Projected Change in Groundwater ‐ Level Altitude, 2005 ‐ 2110 , o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 23 Source: SIR 2013 ‐ 5029
6/ 25/ 2013 Summary and Conclusions Summary and Conclusions • Groundwater Use Affects Surface Water Groundwater Use Affects Surface Water. • A Groundwater Model Can Help Guide Water Management Decisions Management Decisions. wn o f Clarkdale o w T Lacher Hydrological Consulting 24
6/ 25/ 2013 Next Time.... Next Time.... • Learn about the Clarkdale Model! Learn about the Clarkdale Model! – purpose – methods methods – anticipated outcomes wn o f Clarkdale o w T Lacher Hydrological Consulting 25
6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 Thank you! Thank you! wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 26
Recommend
More recommend
