MONITORING FRAMEWORK FOR REPLANTED MANGROVE AREAS SHARING THE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

MONITORING FRAMEWORK FOR REPLANTED MANGROVE AREAS – SHARING THE EXPERIENCES FROM PAKISTAN Syed Ghulam Qadir Shah IUCN Pakistan Karachi INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE

PRESENTATION OUTLINE 1. ABOUT MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM OF PAKISTAN 2. NEED FOR M&E FRAMEWORK 3. ADOPTED M&E FRAMEWORK IN INDUS DELTA 4. FINDINGS 5. CONCULSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2

MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM OF PAKISTAN • In Pakistan, 97% mangroves are found in Indus Delta • Thousands of acres planted over past three decades • Absence of M&E mechanism has resulted in criticism of such restoration works 3

NEED FOR MONITORING & EVALUATION (M&E) FRAMEWORK • Realising the need, IUCN developed and adopted a framework for M&E for the Indus Delta that encompassed, – Assessment of success / failure of replanted areas – Generate feedback on adaption of corrective measures – Producing cost effective and reliable assessments • Applied to 6000 ha replanted during 2009-2011 in Indus Delta • First of its kind experience of an independent M&E of any large scale mangrove replanting 4

ADAPTED M&E FRAMEWORK IN INDUS DELTA • FREQUENCY – Literature suggests ten assessments over five years – Such a frequency may be cumbersome for large areas – We adopted annual monitoring frequency • PARAMETERS ASSESSED – Survival % – Species composition – Plant growth – Natural regeneration 5

Map of Indus Delta Showing Location of Planted Areas Keti Bundar Shah Bundar INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE 6

ASSESSMENT AREAS # Name of Site Year Wise Actual Area Planted (ha) Total Area (ha) 2009 2010 2011 i. Keti Bundar 832.5 716.5 1300 2849 ii. Shah Bundar 967.5 683.5 1500 3151 Grand Total 1800 1400 2800 6000 7

M&E of mangrove areas is a challenging task; • Intertidal characteristics • Remoteness and difficult access • Absence of reference points INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE • Limitations in technological applications, high cost and expertise 8

STEPS IN MONITORING 1. Random Selection of Sample Plots - Simple random sampling approach • For randomisation purpose, coordinates (East and North) encompassing planted areas were used • Differences in extreme ranges of North and East coordinates were calculated and used as sampling space – Difference in ranges (minutes and seconds) was converted into seconds – From this range, random numbers were generated as per sample size – Each random number was reconverted into minutes and seconds and added to the lowest degree of respective North and East coordinates to generate a list of random coordinates 9

Lists OF Random ly Selected Coordinates Shah Bundar Keti Bundar North Latitude (Extent 24 0 03’ 40” to North Latitude (Extent 24 0 08’ 58” to 24 0 05’ 40”) 24 0 10’ 23”) East longitude (Extent 68 0 01’ 30” to East longitude (Extent 67 0 25’ 22” to 68 0 03’ 50”) 67 0 27’ 14”) North East North Latitude East # Latitude Logitude Longitude 1 24 05 34 68 03 32 24 09 25 67 26 78 2 24 04 36 68 02 55 24 09 73 67 26 05 3 24 05 27 68 02 34 24 09 49 67 25 58 4 24 05 15 68 03 36 24 09 11 67 26 44 5 24 05 01 68 02 36 24 09 87 67 26 83 6 24 04 32 68 02 52 24 09 67 67 26 56 7 24 04 34 68 02 18 24 09 61 67 26 88 8 24 04 58 68 03 20 24 09 91 67 25 57 9 24 05 20 68 03 26 24 10 40 67 26 47 10 24 04 35 68 03 08 24 09 33 67 26 59 11 24 05 18 68 02 06 24 09 38 67 26 58 12 24 05 28 68 02 09 24 09 40 67 26 68 13 24 04 51 68 02 48 24 09 51 67 26 73 14 24 04 22 68 02 38 24 09 59 67 25 31 15 24 05 35 68 02 45 24 09 88 67 25 45 16 24 04 46 68 03 02 24 09 53 67 26 13 17 24 04 34 68 02 42 24 09 16 67 26 33 18 24 04 48 68 02 40 24 09 77 67 25 50 19 24 05 19 68 02 46 24 09 83 67 25 39 20 24 04 17 68 03 10 24 09 24 67 25 25 21 24 05 11 68 02 25 24 10 10 67 25 49 22 24 05 02 68 03 46 24 09 73 67 26 07 23 24 04 13 68 03 30 24 10 02 67 26 50 24 24 04 23 68 02 08 24 10 01 67 25 57 25 24 05 07 68 02 16 24 09 58 67 27 10 10

2.Sample Plot Location • Randomly generated coordinates were marked on field map • Using a GPS sample plots were located in field INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE 11

3. Sample Plot Layout • Linear (100m) transacts laid during 1 st year and 2 nd year assessments • Square 10m x 10m plots used during 3 rd year monitoring 12

STEPS IN MONITORING 4. No of Sample Plots 13

FINDINGS 1. Survival Trends • Overall average survival – 80% at Keti Bundar – 73% at Shah Bundar • A gradual reduction in survival was noticed in subsequent years after plantation • However, any increase in survival in subsequent years may be due to restocking of planted areas by Coastal Forestry Division 14

FINDINGS 2. Species Composition • At Shah Bundar Avicennia ( 61%) and at Keti Bundar Rhizophora (64%) was the species of choice • Monoculturist trend dominated in plantations, this may be due to, – Easiness in planting of Rhziophora propagules – Seed availability 15

FINDINGS 3. Site Conditions • Good survival and growth observed in mixed plantation on grassy mudflats covered with Arthrocnemum and Aleuropus grasses • Highest Rhizophoara survival was on grassy mudflats (80% and 78% at Keti Bundar and Shah Bundar, respectively) • Rhizophora mortality was high in low-lying mudflats due to fast receding waves, algal growth and barnacle attack 16

FINDINGS 4. Natural Regeneration • Progressively increasing natural regeneration observed over time • An estimated 763, 1659 and 3619 saplings/ha were recorded at Keti Bundar against 258, 77 and 512 saplings/ha at Shah Bundar • Natural regeneration outweighed artificially planted sapling number 17

FINDINGS 5. Plant Growth • Identical pattern in plant growth was observed • Avicennia attained average height of 15cm with 6 leaves within six months, reaching to 45cm with 30 leaves at age of 30 months • Rhizophora propagules attained average height of 30cm with 6 leaves during six months, reaching to 50cm with 12 leaves at the age of 30 months after planting 18

FINDINGS 6. Adaptive Management • Improved management as a result of positive feedback generated by M&E may have contributed to improvement in survival of areas planted subsequently: – Better site selection – Better choice of species – Accountability check • Improved survival rate in subsequent years plantations – 76% to 87% at Keti Bundar – 63% to 81% at Shah Bundar 19

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS • The experience gained from use of M&E reveals that; – SRS approach could be applied for mangrove M&E  Generated useful and reliable information on monitoring indicators  Improved management, by implementation agency, as a result of M&E feedback, leading to improved rate of survival in subsequently planted areas  Survival rate gradually reduced in subsequent years after plantation. However, progressively increasing rate of natural regeneration was observed over time in planted areas – M&E must be an integral part of mangrove restoration strategies – Sustained protection allows better natural recovery of degraded mangrove areas 20

Thank You 21