Model-Based Analysis to Evaluate the Contribution of the Gas Supply System for the Integration of Fluctuating Renewable Electricity Generation 16 th IAEE European Conference Ljubljana, 26 August 2019 Hedda Gardian, Hans Christian Gils German Aerospace Center (DLR) Energy Systems Analysis
DLR.de • Chart 2 > IAEE Europe 2019 > Hedda Gardian• Contribution of the Gas Supply System to RE Integration > 26 August 2019 Research topic • Investigating the flexibility potential of the gas system in comparison with other flexibility options in a future energy system with a high share of RE • Research project MuSeKo : Multi Sector Coupling • Examination of flexibility in the production and storage of synthetic gases • Interaction with other flexibility options • Identification of the least-cost dimensioning of converters and storages Electricity Storage Heat Storage Flexibility options Grid Expansion Demand Response Synthetic Gases Source: Schick, C. et al. (2018) Energiesystemanalyse Baden-Württemberg. Project report, http://www.strise.de/projekte/
DLR.de • Chart 3 > IAEE Europe 2019 > Hedda Gardian• Contribution of the Gas Supply System to RE Integration > 26 August 2019 REMix OptiMo: Energy System Model Input: techno-economic parameters, potentials, scenario data REMix-OptiMo: Energy System Optimization Model Model: determining the least-cost composition and hourly operation of the power system Minimize 𝐷 𝑡𝑧𝑡𝑢𝑓𝑛 = σ 𝑑 𝑘 𝑦 𝑘 Output: hourly system operation, system costs, emissions, plant expansion • Cost-minimizing model from an economic planner’s perspective, here only LP • Deterministic optimization realized in GAMS, solved with CPLEX • Hourly resolution, typically perfect foresight for one year (8760 time steps) • Simultaneous optimization of plant expansion and operation Source: Gils, H.C, Scholz, Y., Pregger, T., Luca de Tena, D., Heide, D. (2017) Integrated modelling of variable renewable energy-based power supply in Europe. Energy, 123: 173-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.115
DLR.de • Chart 4 > IAEE Europe 2019 > Hedda Gardian• Contribution of the Gas Supply System to RE Integration > 26 August 2019 Evaluation of flexible energy sector coupling with REMix Transport sector Power sector Battery vehicles Fuel cell vehicles CH 4 -Import Electricity storage Electro- Metha- H 2 -Storage Demand lyser nation Power response CH 4 - grid Fuel cell Network RE power Power Hydrogen CH 4 - Gas turbine/CCGT Conventional Storage power Methane CH 4 -Demand Heat pump, CHP Steam turbine, ORC Boiler Gas sector electric boiler Thermal Heat storage demand Heat Heating sector
DLR.de • Chart 5 > IAEE Europe 2019 > Hedda Gardian• Contribution of the Gas Supply System to RE Integration > 26 August 2019 REMix enhancement for the gas sector Fuel cell vehicles CH 4 -Import Electro- Metha- H 2 -Storage lyser nation • Goal: CH 4 - Network • Reduced, linearized representation of the gas sector CH 4 - • Limitations: Storage • Consideration of chemical energy only • Aggregation according to model regions CH 4 -Demand • Modules: Gas sector • Modular structure for flexible combination of technologies
DLR.de • Chart 6 > IAEE Europe 2019 > Hedda Gardian• Contribution of the Gas Supply System to RE Integration > 26 August 2019 REMix gas sector: demand and production Fuel cell vehicles CH 4 -Import Electro- Metha- H 2 -Storage lyser nation • Gas Demand: CH 4 - Network • Household/Industry demand for H 2 and CH 4 CH 4 - • Elektrolyzer: Storage • Produced H 2 and biogas can be fed into the methane transport system as well as separate H 2 transport system CH 4 -Demand • Share of H 2 that is fed into CH 4 network can be limited Gas sector • Methanation: • Generic module to transform input-fuel to output-fuel • Considering multiple efficiencies
DLR.de • Chart 7 > IAEE Europe 2019 > Hedda Gardian• Contribution of the Gas Supply System to RE Integration > 26 August 2019 REMix gas sector: transport, storage and import Fuel cell vehicles CH 4 -Import Electro- Metha- H 2 -Storage lyser nation • Gas Network: CH 4 - Network • Compression energy is needed for transport CH 4 - • Chemical energy of transported gas remains constant Storage • No transport delay • No consideration of gas composition Gas mixture CH 4 -Demand • Gas Compression (pipelines and storages): Gas sector • Gas- or electricity-powered • Gas Import: • Modelling of import flows • Different gases can be imported
DLR.de • Chart 8 > IAEE Europe 2019 > Hedda Gardian• Contribution of the Gas Supply System to RE Integration > 26 August 2019 Data basis for the gas system modelling in MuSeKo • Salt domes for CH 4 or H 2 hydrogen storage • Data on existing assets: storage locations and capacities • Evaluation of gas transport capacities • Assumption of reversible flows • Compressor capacities from literature and inquiries
DLR.de • Chart 9 > IAEE Europe 2019 > Hedda Gardian• Contribution of the Gas Supply System to RE Integration > 26 August 2019 REMix configuration in MuSeKo • Regions: • Germany divided into states • Neighbouring countries • Myopic application: 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050 • Decommissioning at end of lifetime • No construction time • Consideration of existing capacities: • Power/Gas network and storage • Wind/PV capacity w/o decommissioning • CHP/conventional capacity w/ decommissioning • Capacity optimization of RE, gas power plants, CHP, electricity storage and of flexible sector coupling Resulting problem size: ~100 Mio. variables , ~50 Mio. equations
DLR.de • Chart 10 > IAEE Europe 2019 > Hedda Gardian• Contribution of the Gas Supply System to RE Integration > 26 August 2019 Scenarios in MuSeKo • Exogenously defined demand for electrical power, CH 4 , H 2 and heat • Exogenously defined fuel and CO 2 -emission costs GHG 80 GHG 95 • • Base-scenario 95% CO 2 -reduction • • 80% CO 2 -reduction Higher CO 2 -emission costs • Increased electrical power and H 2 -demand in transport and heating sectors
DLR.de • Chart 11 > IAEE Europe 2019 > Hedda Gardian• Contribution of the Gas Supply System to RE Integration > 26 August 2019 Development of electrical power supply in Germany in 2020 – 2050 Net import Electrical power generation/import Wind Offshore 1500 Wind Onshore PV Biomass PP/CHP 1000 in TWh/a Hydro Geothermal 500 Waste CHP Nuclear PP Oil PP/CHP 0 Coal PP/CHP 2020 2030 2040 2050 2020 2030 2040 2050 Fuel cells Gas PP/CHP GHG 80 GHG 95 • Phasing out of nuclear energy by 2022 and coal energy by 2038 • Biomass only in GHG 95-scenario considered • No back-up capacity of gas turbines in GHG 95 • GHG 95: 30 % more generation in 2050 Preliminary results: do not cite or quote
DLR.de • Chart 12 > IAEE Europe 2019 > Hedda Gardian• Contribution of the Gas Supply System to RE Integration > 26 August 2019 Development of the gas sector in Germany 2020 Electrolyzer GHG 80 2030 Methanation 2040 2050 H2-Cavern 2020 H2-Grid GHG 95 2030 H2-Tankstorage 2040 CH4-Grid 2050 CH4-Cavern 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Capacity/Storage Size in GW/TWh • Expansion of H 2 -infrastructure • Increase in methanation plant capacity only to fullfil CH 4 -demand Preliminary results: do not cite or quote
DLR.de • Chart 13 > IAEE Europe 2019 > Hedda Gardian• Contribution of the Gas Supply System to RE Integration > 26 August 2019 Synthetic fuel production (GHG 95) Electrolyzer Methanation Marginal electricity price in €/MWh 200 8 Fuel Production in GW 150 6 100 4 50 2 0 0 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday • H 2 -production corresponds to electricity price and thus electricity production • Methanation only comes into system at extremely low electricity costs Preliminary results: do not cite or quote
DLR.de • Chart 14 > IAEE Europe 2019 > Hedda Gardian• Contribution of the Gas Supply System to RE Integration > 26 August 2019 Load balancing through various flexibility options 1600 Curtailment/Load shifting/Discharging 1400 storage/Production in TWh/a Power transmission Electrolyzer 1200 Electricity storage 1000 Curtailment 800 Load shifting industry E-Boiler 600 Heat pumps 400 Heat storage 200 E-Mobility vehicle2grid E-Mobility load shifting 0 2020 2030 2040 2050 2020 2030 2040 2050 GHG 80 GHG 95 • About 30% of the battery vehicle charging demand is shifted • Thermal energy storage buffers wind generation peaks • Endogenous battery storage installation only outside Germany • Power transmission is the most import balancing technology Preliminary results: do not cite or quote
DLR.de • Chart 15 > IAEE Europe 2019 > Hedda Gardian• Contribution of the Gas Supply System to RE Integration > 26 August 2019 Behaviour of gas sector components 16000 H 2 -storage level in GWh 12000 8000 GHG 80 GHG 95 4000 0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 Hour of the year Energy demand in 0,2 GWh/h 0,1 Gas Electric 0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 Hour of the year Preliminary results: do not cite or quote
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