WMAN-WPAN 1 Mobile Communications WMAN, WPAN Manuel P. Ricardo Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
WMAN-WPAN 2 Type of Wireless Networks ♦ WPAN - Wireless Personal Area Networks » short distances among a private group of devices ♦ WLAN - Wireless Local Area Networks » areas such as an home, office or group of buildings ♦ WMAN - Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks » from several blocks of buildings to entire cities ♦ PLMN - Public Land Mobile Networks » regions and countries ♦ Broadcast » single direction, audio and video
WMAN-WPAN 3 Technologies Comparison • U=bit/s/Hz/km 2 10 to 40 U (based on UMTS) – PLMN 25 to 50 U – WMAN 100 to 500 U – WLAN
WMAN-WPAN 4 IEEE 802.16 Wireless MAN
WMAN-WPAN 5 Information ♦ Current Standard » Freely available at IEEE site http://www.ieee.org publications & standards get IEEE standards » IEEE 802.16-2009 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems
WMAN-WPAN 6 IEEE 802.16 Terms ♦ MAN – Metropolitan Area Network ♦ BS – Base Station ♦ SS – Subscriber Station ♦ DL – Downlink, from BS to SS ♦ UL – Uplink, from SS to BS ♦ FDD – Frequency Division Duplex ♦ TDD – Time Division Duplex ♦ TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access ♦ TDM – Time Division Multiplexing ♦ OFDM – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ♦ OFDMA - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access ♦ QoS – Quality of Service
WMAN-WPAN 7 Topology Base Station Subscriber Stations Mobile Station Source: Understanding WiMAX and 3G for Portable/Mobile Broadband Wireless, Technical White Paper, Intel.
WMAN-WPAN 8 Reference Models
WMAN-WPAN 9 Standard Aggregates Multiple WiMAX Versions OFDM OFDMA
WMAN-WPAN 10 Adaptive Burst Profiles ♦ Burst profile: Modulation and FEC ♦ On DL » multiple SSs can associate on the same DL burst ♦ On UL » SS transmits in an given time slot with a specific burst ♦ Dynamically assigned according to link conditions » Burst by burst » Trade-off capacity vs. robustness in real time
WMAN-WPAN 11 OFDM PHY TDD Frame Structure Time Frame n-1 Frame n Frame n+1 Adaptive DL Subframe UL subframe DL TDM UL TDMA DL DL DL ... ... pre. FCH burst 1 burst 2 burst n UL burst 1 UL burst m pre. pre. DL UL DCD UCD MAP MAP opt. opt. Broadcast Conrol msgs
WMAN-WPAN 12 OFDM PHY FDD Frame Structure Time Frame n-1 Frame n Frame n+1 DL Subframe DL TDM DL TDMA DL DL DL DL DL ... ... pre. FCH pre. pre. burst 1 burst 2 burst k burst k+1 burst n Broadcast Control Msgs DL UL DCD UCD MAP MAP opt. opt. UL subframe UL TDMA UL MAP for next MAC frame UL bursts ... UL burst 1 UL burst m pre. pre.
WMAN-WPAN 13 FDD MAPs Time Relevance DL UL DL UL MAP MAP MAP MAP DOWNLINK UPLINK frame Broadcast Half Duplex T erminal #1 Full Duplex Capable User Half Duplex T erminal #2
WMAN-WPAN 14 OFDMA
WMAN-WPAN 15 OFDMA
WMAN-WPAN 16 OFDMA, TDD
WMAN-WPAN 17 IEEE 802.16 MAC Addressing and Identifiers ♦ SS has 48-bit IEEE MAC address ♦ BS has 48-bit base station ID » Not a MAC address; 24-bit used for operator indicator ♦ 16-bit connection ID (CID) ♦ 32-bit service flow ID (SFID) ♦ 16-bit security association ID (SAID)
WMAN-WPAN 18 Convergence Sub-Layer (CS) ♦ ATM Convergence Sub-Layer » Support for VP/VC connections » Support for end-to-end signaling of dynamically created connections » ATM header suppression; Full QoS support ♦ Packet Convergence Sub-Layer » Initial support for Ethernet, VLAN, IPv4, and IPv6 » Payload header suppression; Full QoS support
WMAN-WPAN 19 MAC – CPS – Data Packet Encapsulations Packet PDU Ethernet Packet (e.g., Ethernet) CS PDU P (i.e., MAC SDU) Ethernet Packet H SI HT MAC PDU Payload CRC MAC PDU ...... FEC block 1 FEC Block 2 FEC Block 3 FEC block m FEC OFDM OFDM OFDM PHY Burst ...... Preamble symbol symbol symbol (e.g., TDMA burst) 1 2 n
WMAN-WPAN 20 MAC – CPS – MAC PDU Transmission ♦ MAC PDUs are transmitted in PHY Bursts ♦ The PHY burst can contain multiple FEC blocks ♦ MAC PDUs may span FEC block boundaries ♦ Concatenation, Fragmentation
WMAN-WPAN 21 MAC – CPS – MAC PDU Concatenation Multiple MAC PDUs are concatenated into the same PHY burst MAC PDU 1 MAC PDU 2 MAC PDU k MAC PDU ...... HT CRC HT MAC PDU Payload CRC HT MAC PDU Payload CRC Payload ...... FEC block 1 FEC Block 2 FEC Block 3 FEC block m FEC OFDM OFDM OFDM PHY Burst ...... Preamble symbol symbol symbol (e.g., TDMA burst) 1 2 n
WMAN-WPAN 22 MAC – CPS – MAC PDU Fragmentation A MAC SDU can be fragmented into multiple segments, each segment is encapsulated into one MAC PDU MAC SDU Fragmentation Sub-Header (8 bits) MAC SDU MAC SDU MAC SDU seg-1 seg-2 seg-3 F F MAC PDU MAC PDU F HT S CRC HT S CRC Payload Payload HT S MAC PDU Payload CRC H H H FEC block ...... FEC Block FEC block ...... FEC Block FEC 1 m1 1 m2 OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM ...... ...... Pre. symbol symbol Pre. symbol symbol 1 n1 1 n2 PHY Burst PHY Burst
WMAN-WPAN 23 MAC – CPS QoS ♦ Three components of 802.16 QoS » Service flow QoS scheduling » Dynamic service establishment » Two-phase activation model (admit first, then activate) ♦ Service Flow » A unidirectional MAC-layer transport service characterized by a set of QoS parameters (latency, jitter, throughput) » Identified by a 32-bit SFID (Service Flow ID) ♦ Three types of service flows » Provisioned: controlled by network management system » Admitted: the required resources reserved by BS, but not active » Active: the required resources committed by the BS
WMAN-WPAN 24 MAC – CPS – Uplink Service Classes ♦ UGS: Unsolicited Grant Services ♦ rtPS: Real-time Polling Services ♦ nrtPS: Non-real-time Polling Services ♦ BE: Best Effort
WMAN-WPAN 25 MAC – CPS – Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) ♦ A Layer-2 sliding-window based flow control mechanism ♦ Per connection basis ♦ Only effective to non-real-time applications ♦ Uses a 11-bit sequence number field ♦ Uses CRC-32 checksum of MAC PDU to check data errors ♦ Maintain the same fragmentation structure for Retransmission ♦ Optional
WMAN-WPAN 26 IEEE 802.15.1 Wireless PAN (Bluetooth)
WMAN-WPAN 27 Information ♦ Current Standard » Freely available at IEEE site http://www.ieee.org publications & standards get IEEE standards » IEEE 802.15.1-2005 IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-- Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements. Part 15.1: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Wireless Personal Area Networks ♦ Read : Section 5 - General Description
WMAN-WPAN 28 ♦ Overview » Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) are used to convey information over short distances among a private, intimate group of participant devices. Unlike a wireless local area network (WLAN), a connection made through a WPAN involves little or no infrastructure or direct connectivity to the world outside the link. This allows small, power- efficient, inexpensive solutions to be implemented for a wide range of devices. ♦ Scope » This standard defines physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) specifications for wireless connectivity with fixed, portable, and moving devices within or entering a personal operating space (POS). A POS is the space about a person or object that typically extends up to 10 m in all directions and envelops the person whether stationary or in motion. This standard is based upon technology originally developed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG).
WMAN-WPAN 29 Reference Model
WMAN-WPAN 30 IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless PAN (Sensor Networks)
WMAN-WPAN 31 Information ♦ Current Standard » Freely available at IEEE site http://www.ieee.org publications & standards get IEEE standards » IEEE 802.15.4-2006 IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Telecommunications and information exchange between systems--Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR- WPANs) ♦ Read : Section 5 - General Description
WMAN-WPAN 32 Introduction ♦ Low Rate WPAN (LR-WPAN ) » simple, low-cost communication network » wireless connectivity » applications with limited power and low throughput requirements ♦ Characteristics of an LR-WPAN » Over-the-air data rates of 250 kb/s, 100kb/s, 40 kb/s, 20 kb/s » 64-bit addresses or allocated 16-bit short addresses » Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA-CA) » Low power consumption » Energy Detection (ED); Link quality indication (LQI) » Radio channels – 16 channels in the 2450 MHz band – 30 channels in the 915 MHz band – 3 channels in the 868 MHz band
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