Industrial Hemp in Michigan - Program Overview and Update Gina Alessandri, Hemp Director Craig VanBuren, Laboratory Director Nathan Kark, Legislative Liaison Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development
Overview • Hemp – what it is and how it is different from marijuana • Brief history of hemp • Federal and state legislative history • 2019 ag. pilot program & what we learned in 2019 • Testing results • Plans for 2020
Cannabis sativa L. – specie of plant being raised for both industrial hemp and marijuana. “ The plant Cannabis sativa L. and any part of that plant, including viable seeds of that plant and all derivatives, extracts, cannabinoids, isomers, acids, salts and salts of isomers, whether growing or not, with a delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration of not more than 0.3% on a dry weight basis.” THC • One of at least 113 cannabinoids identified in cannabis. • Principal psychoactive constituent.
Cannabis sativa L. – 4 Key Differences Chemical Composition – Industrial Hemp Marijuana • Less than 0.3% THC • 5% - 35% THC • Non-intoxicating • Intoxicating
Cannabis sativa L. – 4 Key Differences Legality Industrial Hemp Marijuana • Federally legal • Federally illegal • Removed from the Controlled • Remains on the Controlled Substance List Substance List • Agricultural commodity that may be legally grown, processed, transported, possessed and sold.
Cannabis sativa L. – 4 Key Differences Cultivation Industrial Hemp Marijuana • Typically grown in very controlled • Typically grown outdoors environments • Can grow up to 20 ft. depending on ▪ Temperature, Lighting & variety and purpose of growth. ▪ Humidity • Grows up to 5 ft.
Cannabis sativa L. – 4 Key Differences Uses Industrial Hemp Marijuana • +20,000 products and uses: • Commonly recognized for: o Recreational uses o Therapeutic uses • Seed – Medications, health foods, bio-fuels and plastics. • Fiber – Paper, textiles, construction materials, clothing, auto parts, animal bedding. • Oil – CBD oil, medicine, cosmetics, lotions.
History of hemp Attitudes begin to change as the government increases Draft of the Declaration efforts to fight drug use. First introduced in North of Independence is Hemp is grouped America written on hemp paper. together with its Cannabis cousin, marijuana. 1700s 1840 1600 1776 1900s Farmers in several Abraham Lincoln uses colonies are required to hemp seed oil to fuel his grow hemp. household lamps.
History of hemp Hemp farming officially banned with the passage of the Controlled The Marijuana Tax Act Substance Act. placed a tax on all • Classified hemp as an cannabis sales, heavily 400,000 acres planted. illegal Schedule I drug, discouraging hemp grouping this crop production. with drugs like heroin and LSD. 1942 1957 1942-1945 1937 1970 A brief resurgence….. Last commercial hemp Government realized it fields were planted in the needed hemp for the war U.S. effort. Taxation lifted.
2014 U.S. Farm Bill - authorizes state departments of agriculture and colleges and universities to administer pilot programs to study the growth, cultivation and Hemp marketing of industrial hemp . legislation 2014 2014 2014 2014 MI Public Act 547 of 2014 - Michigan’s Industrial Hemp Research Act became law. • Allowed MDARD to create an industrial hemp research pilot program .
2018 U.S. Farm Bill - Legalized industrial hemp - USDA oversight - Offers states the authority to regulate - Requires USDA approved “state plan” - Directs USDA to promulgate rules on state plan submission. Hemp - Maintains FDA authority. legislation 2018 2018 2018 2018 Michigan Industrial Hemp Research and Development Act, PA 641 signed December 2018. • Amends Public Act 547
Pending USDA rules, states may continue to operate under the authority of the 2014 Farm Bill which authorized the growth, cultivation and marketing of industrial hemp for research Hemp through Ag Pilot Programs. legislation April 2019 2019 2019 February 2019 Michigan Ag Pilot Program launched
Michigan Ag Pilot Program • Allowed hemp growing, processing and handling in Michigan provided: • Proper licensure • Background check • Research agreement • 603 Registered Growers • 850 outdoor locations, 15,477 acres identified • 300 indoor locations, + 10 M square feet identified • 483 Licensed Processor-Handlers
2019 Laboratory ry Hemp Testing • PA 641 requires growers to schedule a test of their hemp prior to harvest to determine compliance with THC levels. • Allows for repeat testing up to 3 times • MDARD provided hemp testing services in 2019 • 3 business day average turnaround on results • Crop must be harvested within 15 days of receiving results
2019 MDARD Laboratory Hemp Testing Synopsis • 847 Samples tested • 84% Compliance rate • Very few 2 nd tests conducted • Sample Issues • Growers not following SOP • US Postal Service detaining shipments • 242 Growers did not submit any compliance sample • 116 Growers did not send samples for all their growing locations • Check email regularly
2019 MDARD Laboratory Hemp Testing 2019 Hemp Testing Results (All) 10.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 % THC 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 Samples 8/21/19 - 12/13/19
2019 MDARD Laboratory Hemp Testing 2019 Hemp Testing Results (Trend) 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 % THC 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 Samples 8/21/19 - 12/13/19
2019 MDARD Laboratory Hemp Testing 2019 Hemp Compliance < 0.30% 0.30% - 0.39% > 0.39%
2019 MDARD Laboratory Hemp Testing Incorporating Uncertainty into 2020 Testing Compliant Non- compliant
2019 MDARD Laboratory Hemp Testing Most Popular Cultivars 1 5% 4 11% 60 17% 2 4 23 35% 46 6 19 28 244 36 "Cherry" "Youngsim" "Boax" "Wife"
2019 MDARD La Laboratory Hemp Testi ting • Zero THC Detected Cultivar CBD (%) 450 31 H8 0.15 450-31 E8 0.76 HLESIIA E2 0.00 HLESIIA H2 0.00 HLIANA E3 0.00 HLIANA H3 0.00 HLYKHOUSKII 51 E4 0.47 HLYKHOUSKII51 H4 0.00 HONOLA HONOLG HONOLY 0.29 USO-31 0.50 VARIETY=KATANI 0.26 X-59 0.65 X-59 H1 0.99
2019 MDARD Laboratory Hemp Testing • Hot Samples • Ninety-one above 0.5% • Hottest 10 Cultivar Total THC (%) AC/DC 8.75 THERAPY 7.45 CHERRY WINE 4.57 JCOO2 4.30 CHERRY WINE 0 0 CHOICE CBDSEEDS.COM 4.04 CHERRY STRUCK 3.97 CHERRY WINE 3.78 JCOO1 3.33 OREGON CHERRY 3.15 CHERRY STRUCK CHOICE CBDSEEDS.COM 2.77
2019 MDARD La Laboratory Hemp Testi ting • Highest (Compliant) CBD Samples • All in the “gray” zone Cultivar Total CBD (%) Total THC (%) CHERRY WINE (CW) 11.09 0.37 CHERRY WINE 10.69 0.39 SAMPLE 2 CBD HEMP 10.67 0.31 BERRY BLOSSOM 5 10.64 0.37 CHERRY WINE 10.37 0.33 CHERRY WINE 10.37 0.38 BERRY BLOSSOM PLOT 1 10.20 0.36 CHARDONAY X CHERRY WINE 9.96 0.37 C4 9.94 0.35 STORMI DANIELZ 9.90 0.37
2019 MDARD Laboratory Hemp Testing • Highest (Compliant) CBD Samples • All in the “green” zone Cultivar Total CBD (%) Total THC (%) BOAX 9.09 0.29 WIFE 9.04 0.29 DREAMY CLOUDS 8.50 0.28 CHERRY WINE 8.47 0.29 ABACUS 8.44 0.30 CHERRY BLOSSOM 8.41 0.28 CAT LADY 8.25 0.30 CHERRY WINE 8.21 0.30 CHERRY WINE STRAIN 8.04 0.29 FEMINIZED CHERRY BLOSSOM 7.98 0.26
What have we learned so far in 2019? • Federal guidance and interpretation is needed. Policy and regulation – We • Regulatory pathway for cannabis use in food, drugs don’t have all the answers. and cosmetics. • Primarily hand harvested in 2019 Growing hemp is very • Production processes & equipment need to evolve . labor intensive. • THC levels need to be monitored This crop requires farmers • Lab analysis required for compliance must be to be very attentive. scheduled with harvest in mind. • For hemp growers AND marijuana growers . Cross-pollination is a concern. • Male plants must be removed.
What have we learned so far in 2019? • In state processing facilities are needed to Processors are needed adequately support the industry. • Banking industry Ongoing need for • Local units of government outreach and education • Law enforcement • Balancing the need for security of growing Connecting growers and operations with how we connect growers and processors processors. Intersecting issues with • Identification and review of roles and marijuana laws responsibilities.
Preliminary Data – Final Report will be available this spring • +60% grew hemp for CBD • ~15% seed • ~7% GRAS (generally recognized as safe) food items • Hemp was grown in 64 of 83 counties • ~24% planted feminized seed • Bulk seed, clones and seedlings were also planted • ~31% had problems with their seed • Weeds were the primary pest problem • < 9% used pesticides • ~58% harvested hemp (primarily by hand) • <8% unable to harvest within 15-day window • ~55% plan to process hemp in 2020 (~26% for hire)
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