MAR ARKET KET POTENT TENTIAL IAL FOR GE GENE NE EDI DITING - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Swine Summit 2018 MAR ARKET KET POTENT TENTIAL IAL FOR GE GENE NE EDI DITING TING Dr. Roger Johnson RCJ Consulting Denison, Iowa

Presen esentation tation Over ervie view ■ The Chal allen lenges ges We Face – Global – Local ■ The Oppor ortun unities es That Lay Ahead ad – Global – Local ■ Genet etic c Impro rovemen ement Overview – Traditional Strategies – “New Generation” Strategies ▪ Genetic Engineering Cloning ▪ ▪ Gene Editing 2

THE CHALLENGES WE FACE 3

Global Challenges 2014  2050 ■ World Popul ulati ation n  34% 34% ■ Ur Urbani aniza zati tion n  – fro rom 54% 54% to 66% ■ Middle Class  – fro rom 50% to 70% Source: 2014 GAP Report 4

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Average Calorie Consumption Source: ccafs.cigar.org/bigfacts 6

Global Agricultural Output ■ Prot rotein n Revolutio ution n by 2050 – 2x livestock, k, poultr try y & fish 70% in Develop lopin ing Count ntries ries ➢ ➢ Grain ins s & oilsee seeds ds demand nd  ■ Prot rotein n Revolutio ution n – 2013 to 2030 – Poultr try y & Eggs  63% 63% – Milk  55 55 % – Ruminant nant Meat  44 44 % ■ Prot rotein n Revolutio ution n – 2013 to 2023 – Fish consum umpti tion n  9% 9% Source: 2014 GAP Report 7

Source: biotech-now.org 8

Prod oduc ucti tivity vity GAP Source: 2014 GAP Report 9

Grains & Oilseeds Demands & Supply by 2050 ■ Curre rent nt Growth wth Targe get  60% % by 2050 – Corn  67% 67% – Rice  42% 42% – Wheat at  38% 38% – Soybean ean  55% 55% Source: ccafs.cigar.org/bigfacts 10

Focus us on Uni United ed Stat ates es of Ame merica ica 11

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No Shortage tage of Ag and d Food d Iss ssues es ■ Animal Welfare – Sow Housing, Rearing Practices ■ Antibiotic usage/resistance ■ Traceability ■ Export Barriers (Russia, China, EU) ■ Food Safety, Product Recalls, Imported Items ■ Local, Organic, Slow Food Movement ■ Immigration ■ Environment/Carbon Footprint ■ Food for Fuel-Ethanol ■ Sustainability ■ Nutritional Components of Food-Fat, Sodium, Gluten 14

Meat t Ind ndust ustry y Buz uzz z Wor ords ds ■ Local al ■ Global al Mark rket t or Consumer ers ■ Factor ory Farms ■ Meat t of Choic ice ■ Group p Housed ed ■ HSUS S & PETA ■ Free ee Range ■ Food od Fusion ion ■ Made e in Rural al Amer eric ica ■ Slow ow Food od vs vs Fast t Food od ■ GMO vs vs non-GM GMO ■ Animal al Care e Legis islat ation ion ■ Natu tural ral ■ Superb rbug ugs ■ Organic nic ■ “Nightmare Bacteria” ■ ABF ■ Trans Fatt tty Acid ■ Never er Ever ■ Gluten en Free ee ■ Never er Ever 3 ■ Third d Pa Party ty Inspec ecti tions ons ■ Susta tain inab ability ility ■ Carbon bon footp otprint int 15

Changing Perception of “Responsibility” 16

Mar arket Shar are e of of Maj ajor or Expor orters 5-year ear Aver erage age Other Others Ar Argentina gentina Austr ustralia alia Canada Canada EU EU For ormer U mer USSR SSR United Sta United States tes Source: USDA, Foreig ign n Agricult ultural ural Servic ice, Pro roduc uctio ion n Supply y and Distrib ibut utio ion n (PS&D) Datab abas ase 17

OR … THE OPPORTUNITIES THAT LAY AHEAD 18

19 Source ce: : https:/ ://21st 1stcenturys ysoci cialcr critic.b c.blogspo spot.com/ .com/p/ p/met methane-informa mation-and-disc scuss ssions.h .html ml

Arabl able Lan and d Needed eeded to o Produce oduce Fix ixed ed Quantity antity of of Cr Crop op Prod oduc ucts ts  68% 68% Land Requ quireme ment nt in 50 years Source ce: : FAO 20

US USA Co Corn Yie ield ld Trends ends Source: USDA-NASS (as of Jan 2017) 21

Ado dopt ption ion of of GE Cor orn in in USA - 2000 2000-2017 Source: USDA, Economic Research Service using data from USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, June Agricultural Survey. 22

Ado dopti ption on of of GE GE Soyb ybea eans ns in in US USA 19 1996 96 - 2010 23

GENETIC IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES 24

Traditio ditional nal Strat ategies egies Selective Breeding vs ▪ Natural Selection ▪ Within Line Selection ▪ Crossbreeding Inbreeding • • Outbreeding • Rotational Terminal • 25

“New Generation” Strat ategies gies ■ Genetic Engineering – Alter erati tion on & recom ombin binati tion on of geneti tic materia erial l under er labora borator ory condi diti tions ons ■ Trans nsgeni genics cs ■ GMO ■ Cloning – Pro rocess ess of pro roduc ducing ing simila lar populat ulations ions of geneti tically lly ident ntic ical l indiv ivid iduals ls ■ Gene Editing – Inser ertion, ion, deleti tion on or repla lacement ement of DNA at a specif ific ic site e in the e genome e 26

Conventional entional Breedin ding vs Gene netic tic Engin ginee eering ring Result ult  GMO Grains ns 27

Fir irst st Succ ccessful essful Cl Clone one: Dolly ly 28

Cloning ing Summ mmar ary PROS CONS NS 1. Produce 1. duce the best t animal mal 1. Cannot bring back a beloved pet’s 1. populati tion. n. persona sonality ty. 2. 2. Reproduc duce endange ngered red or even 2. 2. Can be seen as animal mal cruelty ty. . exti tinc nct t speci cies. s. 3. 3. Is expens nsive. . 3. Way to quickl 3. kly y create more 4. 4. Reduces uces geneti tic c diversity sity. . source ces s of food, , especi cially y meat. t. 5. 5. Huma man n cloni ning? ng? 4. 4. Good for geneti tic testi ting ng and drug ug research. h. 5. Bring 5. ng back lost st pets. . 29

Market Acceptability of Cloned Animals 2001 1 – 2008 08 Post-2008 08 ■ FDA's Center for Veterinary FDA CVM concluded: Medicine (CVM) asked livestock ■ Cloning poses no unique risks to producers to voluntarily keep food animal health from clones and their offspring out of the food chain until CVM could ■ Composition of clone food products further evaluate the issue. no different from conventional food products ■ Iowa State Fair Champion Steer ■ Therefore, no additional risks to – 2010 Champion was a clone people eating food from clones or of 2008 Champion clone offspring – As a pre-caution, the meat did not enter the public food chain 30

Gene Editing ■ Inser ertion, tion, delet etion ion or replace acement ent of DNA A at a speci cific ic site in the genom ome ■ Techni chniques ues – CRISP SPR – TALENs LENs – ZFNs – ODM 31

First GE Approval: Salmon ■ AquaB AquaBoun ounty ty Technologies (early 1990’s) ■ Chinoo ook k Salmon on can not ot mate e with Atlant antic ic Salmon on ■ Genetic tic Editing ting – Gro rowth th hormone e gene fro rom Chinoo ook k Salmo mon  Atlantic antic Salmon mon – GH regulat lator gene from Ocean Pout t  Atlan lantic tic Salmo mon ■ Results lts – 2x Faster r Gro rowth th ■ 36 mon  18 18 mon – Imp mpro roved d FE ■ USA – Appro proved ed (11/2015) but – No Not Ava vail ilabl able ■ Canad ada – Appr proved ed (4/2016) – Ava vail ilable le (8/2017) 32

Foo ood d Anim imal al GE GE Applic plicat ation ions Species Targe get Targe geted d Trait/ t/Goal • Intras traspecies ecies POLLED LED allele ele substit titution ution • No o horns • Myos osta tati tin n (gene e knockout) out) • Increas reased ed muscle le yield eld • Bet eta-lac lactoglo oglobulin bulin (gene e knockou out) t) • Elim imination nation of milk k allerge rgen Cattle tle • Inser erti tion on of lysos osta taphin hin trans nsgen gene • Diseas ease e resista tance nce • Inser ertion tion of lysoz ozyme e transgen nsgene • Diseas ease e resistance tance • Inser erti tion on of SP110 trans nsgen gene • Resistance istance to tuber erculos ulosis is Knockout = inactivation of gene function 33

Foo ood d Anim imal al GE GE Applic plicat ation ions Species Targ rget Targ rgeted d Trait/ t/Goal Goal • CD1 D163 (gene e knockout) out) • PRRS S Virus us Resista tance nce • Inter erspec ecies ies RELA allele ele substi tituti tution on • Afric rican an Swine e Fever er Resista tance nce Pig • Myos osta tati tin n (gene e knockout) out) • Increas reased ed muscle le yield eld • “Puberty gene” • Elim iminat nate e Physic ical l Castra trati tion on Knockout = inactivation of gene function Source: Tousignant nant, 2015 15 34