MANU ANUSCR SCRIPT WR WRITING NG AND PU AND PUBL BLISH SHING Jennif nifer er C Cunning ingham E Erves , , PhD, M , MPH, , MAEd Ed, M MS, S, CH CHES ES Assis sistant nt P Profes essor o of R Resea earch Meh eharry M Medic ical C Colleg ege
Obje ject ctives We will discuss: ■ Core Components of Writing a Successful Manuscript ■ Manuscript Preparation ■ Choosing a Journal ■ The Peer Review Process ■ Ethical Issues in Medical Research Writing
Whi hich t h to W o Wri rite F Firs rst? Anatomy of Ana of a a M Manu nuscript Metho hods Introdu ductio ion ■ Title Page Figure res/Table les ■ Abstract Re Results ■ Introduction Discussio ssion ■ Methods Abstract Ab ■ Results ■ Tables/Figures Title le P Page ■ Discussion Acknowle ledgements ■ Acknowledgements Refere rences ■ References
Title Page age ■ Title – A few words to describe content – Many indicate study design (i.e., epidemiological studies) ATTENTION ■ Additional content of title page: GRABBER!! – Authors affiliations, corresponding author, running title, keywords, list of abbreviation – Optional: Word Count, Number of Tables/Figures, Sources of grant support
Abstract tract ■ Summary of manuscript ■ 200-300 words ■ Structured or Unstructured ■ Descriptive, Critical, or Informational ■ Second most important section of manuscript ■ Content can vary pending on the type of article written ■ Be direct and succinct
Do NO NOT …. …. ■ Repeat the title ■ Refer to things outside the abstract – It needs to be able to stand alone! ■ Use References ■ Use Abbreviations
Keywords ■ Captures main topics for indexing ■ 3- 10 words ■ Be strategic so will be found in literature searches ■ Link it to what you are known for (e.g., community engagement, health disparities) ■ If a medical topic, then use the MeSH term in the keywords
What at are MeSH SH term rms? ■ Stands for Medical Subject Headings ■ U.S. National Library of Medicine medical vocabulary resource ■ Purpose: Provides hierarchical-organized terminology for indexing and cataloging of biomedical information in databases such as PUBmed/MEDLINE and other NLM databases. ■ Use of MeSH terms is not applicable for all journal submissions! For more information on MeSH and identification of MeSH terms, please go to https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html
Introduction CONT NTENT NT ■ Describes Importance of Topic • Describe Pu Public He Heal alth Burden den ■ Summarizes relevant literature • Contributin ing factors t to ■ “Funnel-Shaped Approach” for Writing the P e Problem em • Previous w s work to address ss ■ 1-1.5 pages the p e problem em • Gap ap in in t the Lit iterat ature • Thes esis statem emen ent • Pu Public health s sig ignificance
Meth thods ods ■ Be clear on each step ■ 3-5 paragraphs ■ Most Common Components – Study Design – Theory (when applicable) – Subject Selection – Variables and Procedures – Analytic Methods – Human Subjects Approval
Quant antitativ itative R Resul ults ts ■ Narrative should be same logical sequence as tables/figures ■ Summarize and not repeat all data from tables ■ Include absolute numbers with percentages ■ 3-4 paragraphs – Paragraph 1: Patient Characteristics – Paragraph 2: Evidence for Objective 1 – Paragraph 3: Evidence for Objective 2 – Paragraph 4: Evidence for Objective 3
Qual alitat itative R Resul ults ts ■ Narrative should be same logical sequence as tables/figures ■ Summarize and not repeat all data from tables ■ 3-4 paragraphs – Paragraph 1: Patient Characteristics – Paragraph 2: Theme 1 – Paragraph 3: Theme 2 – Paragraph 4: Theme 3 – Paragraph 5: Theme 4
Discussi ssion ■ Summarize new and important findings ■ Compare findings with the literature ■ Conclusions follow objectives ■ Describes where the topic is heading ■ Suggest clinical implications ■ Discuss Limitations and Next Steps ■ Provide Conclusion
Refere rence nces Reference M Management S Software EndNote te • Zotero • Men endel eley • ■ Cite primary work over review articles RefWo Works • BibTe TeX ■ Avoid abstracts when possible • Re RefME • ■ “In Press” Articles require permission ■ Avoid personal communication unless essential and not in public source ■ Check accuracy and formatting ■ Electronic citations should be considered
Elect ctronic onic Citations tations ■ Electronic citations must be cited because someone wrote the content. ■ How to evaluate an electronic citation – Is the author a qualified expert? – Who is the sponsoring organization? (.edu, .gov, .org) – Date of posting ■ Some electronic websites have no clear author such as government or organization websites. ■ Note: Wikipedia is NOT a reliable source!
Tabl ables an and Fi Figu gures Fig igures Tabl ables ■ Double space ■ Number consecutively according to cited ■ Each table on a single page ■ High resolution images ■ Title summarizes data ■ Letters, numbers, and figures need ■ Do not use horizontal lines to be sufficient size ■ Give each column a heading ■ Include titles and detailed explanations in legends rather than ■ Footnote explains content figure ■ Identify statistical measures of variation
Writing ting Proce cess ■ Co-Authors identify writing process – First author writes sections and co-authors edit – Co-authors choose sections Make s sur ure to: ■ Choose your writing process 1. Creat ate a a Tim imeline f for – Write then Edit OR Edit while Writing Co Co-Auth thors ■ Prewrite brainstorm, outline, free write 2. Creat ate a a Block f for Writ itin ing Tim imes f for ■ Draft make it flow, use proper language Yourse self lf 3. Iden entify the r e right s setting ■ Revise clarify ideas for w writ itin ing 4. Revie iew Other Ar Artic icles ■ Edit grammar, mechanics for G Guidanc ance ■ Publish finished product
Setti tting ng f for Writi iting ng- BE C CREA EATI TIVE! VE! Cheerful mixed race girl typin Young pretty busines
Determ rmini ining ng Auth thor orship hip ■ Substantial contribution to: – Conception and design – Acquisition of data – Analysis and interpretation – Writing of Article ■ Draft and critical revision of manuscript for intellectual contact ■ Final approval of submitted version ■ Note: Some journals will provide authorship criteria upon submission!
Auth thor orship ip Order ■ First st A Author: Design or conceive study; writes first draft; partners with last author for subsequent drafts ■ Second A d Author: Major contribution ■ Thir ird A Author: Important contributions ■ Last st A Author: Usually experienced investigator who partners with first author in interpretation, analysis, and writing ■ Middle le A Author hors: Everyone else who qualifies for authorship
Auth thor orship ip Grid
Choos oosing ng a Journal rnal ■ Review Scope of Journal – If your articles does not have the same scope, NEXT! ■ Journal Prestige and Rankings – Impact Factors, Quality, Rankings ■ Review Published Studies – Compare most sections of manuscripts to see if a good fit. – For example, just because the scope is similar the journal may not have a history of publishing qualitative research. ■ Review Reference Listings – Similar references indicate this journal could be IT!
Who ho i is s JANE? NE? ■ Stands for Journal/Author Name Estimator ■ JANE helps to: – Identify a journal, find relevant articles to cite in your manuscript, and find reviewers if an editor ■ How does it work? – Enter title, abstract, and/or keywords of paper in box and click ‘find journals’, ‘find authors’, or ‘find articles’ – JANE compares the information to documents in PubMed to find best matching journals, authors, or articles ■ JANE relies on data in MEDLINE, PubMED, and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) to identify high-quality journals and reduce chances of papers from predatory journals.
Impact pact Factors (Ifs fs) ■ The higher the IF, the more highly ranked the journal ■ It is used to compare journal in a subject category. ■ Top 5% of journals Ifs >/= 6 ■ 2/3 of journals have IF > 1 ■ Usually aim for 2 or higher!
Type pes of Journal rnals ■ Paper ■ Electronic ■ Online-Submission Required ■ Online open access ■ Owned by a professional organization ■ Owned by a publisher ■ Owned by an individual for the betterment of their profession ■ Owned by a university
Journal rnals
Sign gns a a Jo Journal i l is s Pred Predatory ■ Aggressively solicit scholars to submit papers. – Spam or individually flattering emails. – Will publish your article for a fee before reviewing it. ■ Claim peer review and its extremely short! ■ Editorial board lack qualifications or are well-known with no input ■ The sc scope pe is overly broad and/or does it fit well with your research. ■ Publication frequency is irregular or not stated. ■ May have the same or similar name to a legitimate journal ■ Email address is non-professional (@yahoo.com, @aol.com or @gmail.com) https://libguides.uml.edu/c.php?g=563165&p=5352697
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