Strategies for Pro-Poor Adaptation to Climate Change in Small Island Pacific Communities: Case Studies of Fiji and Solomon Islands Presentation by Mohiuddin Alamgir National Workshop, Honiara, November 4, 2011 National Workshop, Suva, November 9, 2011 Mainstreaming Environment for Poverty Reduction
Background Approach Framework Findings Planning framework Strategic framework Contents
Fiji Islands – On way to Vunavutu: Coastal erosion and inundation Background
Pacific, Fiji and Solomon Islands
Climate change Environment Poverty (Food Security)
Nabila coast Approach
Resource mobilization and Environment investment Poverty Sustainability Adaptation Community capability Interaction enhancement to meet and climate change threat community mobilization Cooperation and integration Mitigation Resilience Capability Approach Dala village elders Climate change Productivity Information and loss knowledge: objective reality and subjective perception
Working of the Capability Framework Application to poverty, environment Component Content and climate change Reduced poverty, preservation of Functioning Current states and activities the environment and meeting the challenge of climate change Actions taken to enhance community capability to meet climate change threat: (i) interaction and community mobilization, (ii) The presence of real opportunity to information and knowledge change the status quo, i.e., freedom to Capability gathering and technology transfer to make choices to achieve valuable fill the gap between objective reality functionings and subjective perception, (iii) cooperation and integration, and (iv) resource mobilization and investment. Village elders, community leaders and environmental brigades working An agent acting to bring about change to protect common property not necessarily to improve his or her Agency resources, land, forest, coastal personal well-being through Democratic resources and inland water: : deliberation adaptation, mitigation, resilience and sustainability
Makira, Solomon Islands: Logging and landslide Framework
Study Framework Strategic Framework Planning Framework Participatory poverty and climate change assessment Criteria for community Solomon Islands Fiji Islands selection : Four communities: 2 in Four communities: 3 in 1. Relative poverty Guadalcanal province 2. Vulnerability to climate change Viti Levu Island and 1 and 1 each in Malaita 3. Ethnic composition in Vanua Levu Island and Makira provinces 4. Geographic location (mountain vs coast) Community level activities Community level activity 1: Community level activity 2: Interactive dialogue with focus Household survey based on group and community structured questionnaire – members in town hall meeting randomly selected 50 households in each community Community level output Identification of poverty processes and Client profile and mitigation measures Identification of poverty and vulnerabilities to poverty climate change interactive and climate change modalities Identification of climate processes change vulnerabilities and adaptation measures National level outcome Planning Strategic Framework – Framework – Climate Proofed Climate Proofed
Korotari Study locations Nailaga Vunavutu Nabila
Dala Visale Nglimera Nukukaisi Study locations
The Fiji Team 13 National Workshop Honiara and Suva
The Solomon Team 14
Fiji Team Solomon Team Survey Team
Fiji Solomon Islands Ms. Laisani Lewanavanua - Facilitator Ms. Salome Pita - Facilitator Ms. Mere Namudu – Documenter Mr. Donald Raka - Documenter Mr. Livai K Nadore - Enumerator Mr. Geoffrey Mauriasi - Enumerator Ms. MIliana S Navia – Enumerator Mr. Peter Danitofea - Enumerator Mr. Andrew Koroi Coriakula - Mr. Steven Bilabo Enumerator Ms. Makelesi Mate Raciri – Enumerator Ms. Charlyn Grace Golu - Enumerator Mr. Timoci Ratu – Government Ms. Berrie Andrews - Enumerator Counterpart for Nailaga Village Dr. Tokasa Leweni – Government Mr. Tia Masolo _ Government Counterpart for Korotari Village Counterpart for Visale and Nglimera villages Ms. Agnetha Vavarakamau – Mr. Jope Davetanivalu - Government Counterpart for Korotari Village Government Counterpart for Dala village Mr. Rupeni Kanaturaga – Governemnt Josef Hurutarau, Government Counterpart for Vunavutu and Nabila counterpart for Kira Kira Village Ms. Senimili Nakora, Government counterpart for Korotari Mr. Mohiuddin Alamgir, International Consultant Ms. Roberta Gerpacio, International Consultant Study Team
Nukukaisi Nukukaisi Findings
Population challenges : rapid growth, migration and urbanization, unemployment Economic challenges : erratic growth, fiscal stress, inflation, external dependence Policies, institutions and capacity : weak Poverty : Beyond hardship 25% of households Environment and climate change : natural disasters, deforestation, erosion, salinity Climate change threat : GHGs, SLR, temperature increase, rainfall, cyclone, drought, floods Impact of climate change : land loss, productivity decline, loss of coastal and marine resource, disease outbreak, damage to infrastructure, declining freshwater supply Development Challenges of the Pacific
Sea level rise - Nauru Sea water intrusion on Taro - Palau Coastal erosion - RMI Cyclone Percy – Cook Island Destruction of Taro by Percy – Cook Island Climate change threat in the Pacific
Damaged bridge in Malaita Doma 2 Bridge damaged by flood Forest debris accumulation in Makira in Guadalcanal Climate change induced damage to infrastructures in Solomon Islands Road destroyed by flood Timor Leste Road collapses after heavy rain Pavement erosion and collapsed Timor Leste edges Timor Leste Climate change induced damage to infrastructures in Timor Leste Climate change threat in the Pacific
Damaged bridge in Malaita Doma 2 Bridge damaged by flood Forest debris accumulation in Makira in Guadalcanal Climate change induced damage to infrastructures in Solomon Islands Road destroyed by flood Timor Leste Road collapses after heavy rain Pavement erosion and collapsed Timor Leste edges Timor Leste Climate change induced damage to infrastructures in Timor Leste Climate Change Threat in the Pacific
People Population (number) Ethnic composition (%) Village Household Part- Total Female Indigenous Fijian Indo-Fijian Melanesian Polynesian Total European Fiji Vunavutu 400 240 51 95 0 5 0 0 100 Nabila 387 238 67 100 0 0 0 0 100 Nailaga 1200 840 90 100 0 0 0 0 100 Korotari 430 240 60 2 98 0 0 0 100 Total 2417 1558 268 % 64 Solomon Islands Visale 6000 3600 1000 0 0 0 100 0 Nglimera 150 90 18 0 0 0 100 0 100 Dala 1000 600 300 0 0 0 100 0 100 Nukukaisi 2000 900 330 0 0 0 0 100 100 Total 9150 5190 1648 100 % 57 Overall total 11567 6748 1916 % 58 Study Area and People
Vunavutu Notebook Vunavutu has 101 hectares of agricultural land. Source of water is river. Total population is 400, number of households 51, 95% Indigenous Fijian. Threats: flooding food insecurity soil erosion lack of sanitation solid waste burning salt water intrusion access to land poverty crop loss hardship and social problems
Nabila Notebook Nabila has 35 hectares of agricultural land. Source of water is spring. Total population is 387, number of households 67, all Indigenous Fijian. Threats: decline of coastal resources lack of sanitation loss of coral reefs poverty soil erosion hardship and social problems unemployment
Nailaga Notebook Nailaga has 50 hectares of agricultural land. Source of water is river. Total population is 1200, number of households 90, all Indigenous Fijian. poverty solid waste disposal Threats: hardship and social problems soil erosion flooding lack of sanitation
Korotari Notebook Korotari has 800 hectares of agricultural land. Source of water is river and spring. Total population is 430, number of households 60, 98% Indo-Fijian . soil erosion temperature change Threats: deforestation logging land slide unemployment crop loss water pollution flooding lack of sanitation loss of lives poverty lack of drinking water skin disease hardship and social problems
Visale Notebook Visale has 690 hectares of agricultural land. Source of water is river stream. Total population is 6000, number of households 1000, all Melanesian. soil erosion heavy rain Threats: flooding logging sanitation problem increasing temperature declining fresh water supply poverty sea level rise hardship and social problems
Nglimera Notebook Nglimera has only 19 hectares of agricultural land. Source of water is river. Total population is 150, number of households 18, all Melanesian. declining fresh water supply Threats: flooding poor approach road soil erosion forest debris drought yield decline increasing temperature poverty sanitation problems hardship and social problems high water table
Dala Notebook Land area of Dala is not known. Source of water is river. Total population is 1000, number of households 300, all Melanesian. Threats: lack of sanitation poverty cyclone intensity hardship and social problems crop loss king tide
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