LXX Isaiah 53 21 , 4 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 Pet 2: Isa 53: LXX Isaiah 53 21 εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ ἐκλήθητε, 4 περὶ ἡμῶν ὀδυνᾶται Noah Kelley ὅτι καὶ Χριστὸς ἔπαθεν ὑπὲρ [cf. other conceptual parallels 3/9/2016 ὑμῶν implying substitution ὑμῖν ὑπολιμπάνων ὑπογραμμὸν throughout (e.g., v. 5): ἵνα ἐπακολουθήσητε τοῖς ἴχνεσιν δὲ ἐτραυματίσθη διὰ τὰς Introduction αὐτοῦ , ἀνομίας ἡμῶν καὶ “It is difficult to enter the mystery of this poem about a suffering μεμαλάκισται διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας Servant without bringing the thoughts of hundreds of years of ἡμῶν ] interpretation and application since the time of Isaiah.” (Smith, 22 ὃς ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἐποίησεν 9 ἀνομίαν οὐκ ἐποίησεν, οὐδὲ 464). οὐδὲ εὑρέθη δόλος ἐν τῷ εὑρέθη δόλος ἐν τῷ στόματι στόματι αὐτοῦ , αὐτοῦ Furthermore, the meaning of the Hebrew text is not totally clear or agreed upon. Therefore, what Jobes and Silva say about v. 8 is 23 ὃς λοιδορούμενος οὐκ [conceptual parallels in v. 7: applicable much of this passage: “Although the words are common ἀντελοιδόρει, οὐκ ἀνοίγει τὸ στόμα , etc.] and the syntax gives the appearance of simplicity, one wonders πάσχων οὐκ ἠπείλει, what it all means.” (J&S, 248). παρεδίδου δὲ τῷ κρίνοντι δικαίως· Outline of the Hebrew Text (Smith, 433): 24 ὃς τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς 4 οὗτος τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν 52:13 – 15 Exaltation of the Servant predicted ἀνήνεγκεν φέρει Report on the Servant’s suffering 53:1 – 9 ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ 12 αὐτὸς ἁμαρτίας πολλῶν 1 – 3 The surprising, despised Servant ξύλον, ἀνήνεγκεν 4 – 6 Vicarious suffering for our sins ἵνα ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ἀπογενόμενοι 7 – 9 Willing submission to death τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ ζήσωμεν, 53:10 – 12 Sacrifice leads to the exaltation of the Servant οὗ τῷ μώλωπι ἰάθητε . 5 τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς ἰάθημεν On the Translator : Jobes and Silva think the translator doesn’t 25 ἦτε γὰρ ὡς πρόβατα 6 πάντες ὡς πρόβατα know what he is translating, while Ekblad thinks that the translator πλανώμενοι , ἐπλανήθημεν is doing “ contextual exegesis. ” Only a study of Isaiah as a whole ἀλλὰ ἐπεστράφητε νῦν ἐπὶ τὸν will determine for sure, but based on this passage, it seems possible ποιμένα that it is some of both. καὶ ἐπίσκοπον τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν. 1

Notes on Heb. text Isa 53:1: BHS Isa 53:1: Göttingen Notes on LXX κύριε, τίς ἐπίστευσε τῇ ἀκοῇ This verse contains 1. Vocab is similar to MT. The one יִִ֦מ ַעוִֺ֦רֱׁזוֽ וֽנֵ֒ תָעֻמֱׁשִל ןיִִ֗מֱאֶה ἡμῶν; καὶ ὁ βραχίων κυρίου exception is that LXX has κύριε , making two rhetorical τίνι ἀπεκαλύφθη; questions the speech a prayer (Jobes and Silva ׃הָתָ־ָלֱׁגִנ יִִ֦מ־לַע הִָ֗והֱׁי emphasizing that the [J&S], 244). message that the 2. The syntax is very similar to the MT, Translation : Who has believed Translation : Lord, who has people heard was including similar numbers of lexemes our message? And the arm of the believed our message? And the surprising and and similar word order. Verb tense, LORD — to whom was it arm of the Lord — to whom difficult to believe, voice, mood, person and number all revealed? was it revealed? even though the match. LORD’s saving 3. J&S note the ambiguity of וֽנֵ֒ תָעֻמֱׁשִל is strength was at work NT Use resolved with τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν (p. 244). in front of their very John 12:38 : 4. The dative is the object of a verb of κύριε, τίς ἐπίστευσεν τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν; καὶ ὁ βραχίων κυρίου τίνι eyes. trusting (cf. Wallace, 171 – 3), and the ל ἀπεκαλύφθη; prep. can have the same sense (Williams, Two possibilities for 108). וֽנֵ֒ תָעֻמֱׁשִל are “our Rom 10:16 : 5. A slight divergence is τίνι for יִִ֦מ־לַע . κύριε, τίς ἐπίστευσεν τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν; report” and “ what we However, it means the same thing; have heard” (Oswalt, Notes : “The two NT quotations of the passage understand it in this interestingly, see variant. 374). way: the people of God who have heard the news and seen the revelation have refused to believe it (John 12:38; Rom. 10:16)” (Oswalt, 381). No variants. Both are word-for-word the same as LXX, including κύριε . Text : 1. Interestingly, there is no variant for κύριε in LXX; it is consistent. 2. τίνι has a couple variants: a. επι is added before it in one MS (88, attributed to θ΄ ), and apparently this reading is marked by an asterisk in Q (attributes it to α΄θ΄ ) and Syh (attributes it to α΄σ΄ ). Seems to be a harmonization with (proto-)MT. b. One ms has τινα (86; accusative instead of dative). 3. The original hand of Sinaiticus has απεκαλυ φη for ἀπεκαλύ φθη . This looks like a misspelling that was corrected by a later hand. 2

Notes on Heb. text Isaiah 53:2 (BHS) Isaiah 53:2 (Göttingen) Notes on LXX ἀνέτειλε μέν ἐναντίον This passage 1. Translator chose ὡς παιδίον (as a child) for קֵ֝ נוֺיַכ (like a ויָָ֘נָפֱׁל קֵ֝ נוֺיַכ לַעַַּ֩יַו αὐτοῦ ὡς παιδίον, ὡς explains why the shoot/infant), which eliminates the possibility of ambiguity, ῥίζα ἐν γῇ διψώσῃ, οὐκ message was הָָּ֕יִצ ץֶרֶֶ֤א מ ׁ֚שֶרַּ֩ שַכֱׁו but also seems the less likely translation in light of the ἔστιν εἶδος αὐτῷ οὐδὲ unbelievable. The parallelism of the plant metaphor (notice the choice of ὡς “arm of the רֵָ֒דָה אֶ֤ לֱׁו ִ֗וֺל רַאִ֦ ת־א ל δόξα· καὶ εἴδομεν ῥίζα for ׁ֚שֶרַּ֩ שַכ ). LORD” was αὐτόν, καὶ οὐκ εἶχεν הִֶ֗אֱׁרַמ־אָ־ לֱׁו וֽהִ֦ אֱׁרִנֱׁו 2. Note the different syntactical expressions translating the εἶδος οὐδὲ κάλλος· revealed in a same Hebrew idiom for possession: οὐκ ἔστιν εἶδος αὐτῷ . . manner that ׃וֽהָ־ דֱׁמֱׁחֶנֱׁו . οὐκ εἶχεν εἶδος . appeared weak 3. Also, there is a change of tense is ( ἔστιν is present, vs εἶχεν from a human which is imperfect). perspective. Translation : For he Translation : Indeed, 4. The flow is different. I translated וֽהִ֦ אֱׁרִנֱׁו as “that we would came up like a tender he sprouted up before take notice of him,” whereas καὶ εἴδομεν αὐτόν is more shoot before him, and him like a child, like a simply, “and we saw him,” possibly to contrast with Is a like a root out of a desert root in dry ground, and land. He had neither an there is no form to him, 52:15, where the nations will see in the future (Ekblad, attractive form, nor nor glory; and we saw 204). majesty that we would him, and he did not 5. κάλλος is found where MT has וֽהָ־ דֱׁמֱׁחֶנֱׁו . J&S (p. 244) take notice of him, and have form, neither suggest the translator may have read this as הָדֱׁמֶח no impressive appearance beauty; (“something desirable”). that we would delight in him. Text : Rhalfs has ἀνηγγείλαμεν instead of ἀνέτειλε μέν . See Göttingen preface p. 99. The editors of Göttingen suspect corruption, and demonstrate how ἀναγγέλειν and ἀνατέλλειν are often variants in the MSS of LXX Isaiah (cf. 42:9; 45:8; 43:19; 47:13). On the other hand, Ekblad (p. 199) prefers ἀνηγγείλαμεν because “it is unanimously attested by the uncials, minuscules, and church fathers,” and considers it “contextual exegesis.” He translates this verse, “we announced before him like a little servant” (p. 198). This would be more convincing if it were not for the Göttingen evidence. 3