IMMANUE L PROPHE CIE S ISAIAH 7- 12 Dr . E d Hindson Rawlings Sc hool of Divinity L ibe r ty Unive r sity L ync hbur g, VA
Old Testament is Not Messianic “It is impossible to establish that any passage in its original literary and historical context must or even should be understood as portending a future messianic figure.” Tremper Longman III, “The Messiah: Explorations in the Law and Writings,” in The Messiah in the Old and New Testaments , ed. S. E. Porter (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2007), p. 13
Old Testament is Not Messianic “The early church applied such texts to Jesus because of their conviction about his identity. The conviction about his identity did not derive from the Old Testament. They found Jesus and then saw how the Scriptures fit with him.” Kyle Snodgrass, “The Use of the Old Testament in the New,” in The Right Doctrine from the Wrong Texts? ed. G.K. Beale (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1994), p. 39.
Old Testament is Not Messianic “How can we identify a passage as messianic if the Old Testament offers no such support for such an interpre- tation either conceptually or textually, and the New testament suggests no fulfillment connections?” J.H. Walton, Genesis , NIVAC (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing Co., 2001), p. 233. The quote questions the classic messianic interpre- tation of Genesis 3:15.
T HE E VANGE L ICAL DE PART URE F ROM OT ME SSIANIC INT E RPRE T AT ION “T he r e is a gr owing move me nt by e vange lic als away fr om inte r pr e ting the He br e w Bible (our OT ) as a me ssianic book … Although e vange lic al sc holar ship still r e c ognize s that the r e is some thing me ssianic about the He br e w Bible , for the most par t it se e s it as a stor y that finds its c limax in Je sus, not as pr e dic tions that Je sus of Nazar e th fulfille d. As suc h, it is be c oming quite c ommon to state that biblic al author s did not have an inte ntional me ssianic me aning.” Mic ha e l Ryde lnik, T he Me ssianic Ho pe : I s the He b re w Bib le Re ally Me ssianic ? NAC Studie s in Bib le & T he o lo g y 9 (Na shville : B&H Ac a de mic , 2010), pp. 3-4.
T HE MAT I C CONT E XT : I SAI AH 7-12 7:14 Sig n: I mma nue l (“Go d is with us”) 8:8 L a nd o f I mma nue l 9:6-7 Divine Child = K ing 10:21 Re mna nt Re turns to Mig hty Go d 11:1-9 Bra nc h o f Je sse will rule in Pe a c e & Rig hte o usne ss 12:1-6 Ya hwe h…is with us
HIST ORICAL ISSUE S
T HE COURSE OF T HE ASSYRIAN CONQUE ST • I mmine nt de struc tio n o f Ara m a nd I sra e l (I sa 8:1-4) • Assyria n pro g re ss thro ug h I sra e l a nd Juda h (I sa 8:5-7)
IMME DIAT E T HRE AT 7:1- 2 • Re zin o f Da ma sc us (Syria ) • Pe ka h o f Sa ma ria (I sra e l) • Allia nc e vs. Aha z (Juda h) • T hre a t: Re mo ve a nd Re pla c e Aha z with so n o f T a b e e l = Cut o ff Da vidic L ine
IMME DIAT E CONT E XT 7:3 I sa ia h ta ke s his yo ung so n She a r- Ja sha b (“re ma nt sha ll re turn”) to me e t Aha z a t the uppe r po o l. c f. 36:2
PROPHE T IC PROMISE 7:4- 9 “Be c a re ful, b e q uie t, do no t fe a r…I t sha ll no t sta nd…no t c o me to pa ss”
RE F USAL OF T HE SIGN Ask a Sig n ( תוֹא o th)… de e p a s She o l o r a s hig h a s He a ve n- implie s mira c ulo us sig n.
Ahaz He ze kiah Ch. 7 Ch. 36-37 T hre a t-Syria a nd E phra im T hre a t- Assyria Pro mise : No t Suc c e e d Pro mise : No t E nte r City Pre dic tio n: K ing s Pre dic tio n: K ing Re mo ve d Re mo ve d L o c a tio n: Uppe r Po o l L o c a tio n: Uppe r Po o l Sig n: Re je c te d Sig n: Ac c e pte d
IMMANUE L PROPHE CY “Be ho ld, the virg in sha ll c o nc e ive a nd b e a r a so n, a nd sha ll c a ll his na me I mma nue l” E SV
INT E RPRE T IVE VIE WS 1.Me ssia nic : Virg in Birth o f Christ 2.No n-Me ssia nic : Birth o f a c hild in I sa ia h’ s Da y 3.Dua l F ulfillme nt: Bo th: I mme dia te a nd Ultima te
NON- ME SSIANIC VIE W 1.Re fe rs to a ny wo ma n a nd a ny c hild 2.Re fe rs to b irth o f He ze kia h 3.Re fe rs to b irth o f I sa ia h’ s So n
CAL VIN’S RE SPONSE “As to tho se who think it wa s I sa ia h’ s so n, it is a n utte rly frivo lo us c o nje c tio n; fo r we do no t re a d tha t a de live re r wo uld b e ra ise d up fro m the se e d o f I sa ia h.” p. 107
DUAL F UL F IL L ME NT VIE W Alb e rt Ba rne s (1840). Child o f the pro phe t a b o ut to b e b o rn: Ma he r-sha la l-ha shb a z. Sug g e st I sa ia h’ s first wife die d a nd a b o ut to re ma rry. Admits pro phe c y no t c o mple te ly fulfille d. (p. 165)
T HE MOT HE R 1. Wife o f K ing Aha z 2. Wife o f I sa ia h 3. Ne w Wife o f I sa ia h 4. Virg in in K ing ’ s Ha re m 5. Virg in Ma ry
T HE VIRGIN הָמְלַﬠ (AL MAH) • Uniq ue He b re w wo rd fo r “virg in” (8 time s in OT ). • Ne ve r use d o f ma rrie d wo ma n • A yo ung wo ma n (ma ide n) o f ma rria g e a b le a g e who is a virg in.
JE WISH ST UDY BIBL E • “All mo de rn sc ho la rs, ho we ve r, a g re e tha t the He b . me re ly de no te s a yo ung wo ma n o f ma rria g e a b le a g e …whe the r a virg in o r no t.” p. 799
VIRGIN הָלוּתְבּ (BE T HUL AH) • Mo re c o mmo n b ut le ss pre c ise . • Mo tye r: Only 21 o f 50 de finitive ly me a n virg in (p. 84). “Witho ut a de sc riptive c la use a dde d b e thula h do e s no t c o nve y a pre c ise me a ning .” • T wic e use d o f “yo ung wido w” (De ut. 22:19; Jo e l 1:8).
SHAL L CONCE IVE ( הָרָה HARAH) • A fe minine a dje c tive with a n a c tive pa rtic iple (“b e a ring ”). De no te s pre se nt te nse : “Be ho ld the pre g na nt virg in b e a ring a so n” E dwa rd J. Yo ung
IMMANUE L וּנָמִּﬠלֵא “GOD WI ( T H US”) 1.He ze kia h 2.Ma he r-sha la l-ha shb a z 3.No o ne in pa rtic ula r 4.Je sus (Ma tthe w 1:23)
MAT T HE W’S QUOT AT ION Ma tthe w1:23 • Gre e k: παρθένος Pa rthe no s • Alwa ys me a ns “virg in” • L XX tra nsla te s a lma h a s pa rthe no s
MICAH 5:2- 3 • I sa ia h’ s c o nte mpo ra ry pre dic ts pla c e o f Me ssia h’ s b irth. • “She who is in la b o r” (pre se nt te nse ) sha ll g ive b irth to “rule r in I sra e l” who se o rig in is “fro m a ntiq uity” (mig g e de m) “fro m e te rnity” (o la m)
IMME DIAT E RE L E VANCE • Re mo va l o f the thre a t Child in v. 16 1. I de a l c hild 2. He ze kia h 3. Ma he r-sha la l-ha shb a z 4. She a r Ja shub
CHAPT E R 8 GOD IS WIT H US 1. Birth o f Ma he r-sha la l-ha shb a z “spo il spe e ds, pre y ha ste ns” 2. Da ma sc us a nd Sa ma ria will fa ll 3. Assyria will c o me vs. I sra e l (722 BC) 4. Assyria will thre a te n Juda h “yo ur la nd O I mma nue l” (8:8) 5. But “Go d is with us” (I mma nue l).
CHAPT E R 9 • Gre a t L ig ht in Ga lile e vs. 1-2 c f. Ma tthe w 4:13-16; L uke 1:79 • Pro mise d K ing : “F o r unto us a c hild is b o rn, to us a so n is g ive n a nd the g o ve rnme nt sha ll b e upo n his sho ulde r…o n the thro ne o f Da vid…fo re ve rmo re (me a ta h o la m)
DIVINE CHIL D 9:6 • Wo nde rful Co unse lo r “ ץֵﬠוֹי אֶלֶפּ ” pe le yo e ts • Mig hty Go d “ רוֹבִּגּ לֵא ” e l g ib b o r • E ve rla sting F a the r “ יִבֲא - דַﬠ ” ab i ad • Princ e o f Pe a c e “ רַשׂ - םוֹלָשׁ ” sar shalo m
CHAPT E R 10 • Assyria will b e judg e d with a “wa sting sic kne ss” (c f. c h. 36- 37) • Re mna nt o f I sra e l will re turn (She a r Ja shub ) to the “mig hty Go d” (e l g ib b o r) (Vs. 21)
RIGHT E OUS BRANCH CHAPT E R 11 • Pre dic tio n: T re e o f Da vidic L ine will b e c ut do wn a nd a sho o t ( c ho te r ) will spring fro m stump ( g e za’ ) o f Je sse a nd a b ra nc h ( ne tse r ) fro m his ro o ts. • Me ssia h is b o th the ro o t a nd b ra nc h o f the Da vidic L ine .
ANOINT E D ME SSIAH • Co ming K ing is a no inte d b y the Spirit o f the L o rd ( Ruac h Yahwe h ) a nd e ndo we d with His g ifts. “Co unse l” a nd “Mig ht” a re use d in 9:6 to de sc rib e the c o ming K ing .
CHAPT E R 12 Clo sing Cre sc e ndo 1. “Give tha nks” v. 4 2. “Sing pra ise s” v. 5 3. “Sho ut fo r jo y” v. 6 Ho ly One o f I sra e l is “with us”
Recommend
More recommend
