Lunar Module INST 154 Apollo at 50 Landing on the Moon
Agenda • Lunar Module • Risk Management • (Discussion groups) • Apollo Spacesuit
Learning as You Go • Seats? • Too heavy, too far from the windows • Forward docking port? • Too small to exit with a PLSS backpack • Fuel cells? • Too late • Descent engine throttling • Parallel development, but both worked • Ascent engine injector • No parallel development until 1967, but it was needed!
Risk Management • Schedule risk vs. safety risk • Qualitative vs. quantitative • Failure Modes and Effects Analysis • Critical Items List • Criticality 1: Loss of life or vehicle if the component fails • Criticality 2: Loss of mission if the component fails • Criticality 3: All others • Exception, Waiver or Retention Rationale • Design, Test, Inspection, History, Use
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Subcontracted LM Components NEW YORK (21) Ascent Engine - Skirt Bell and Valves Caution and Warning Electronic Assembly CALIFORNIA (56) CALIFORNIA (contd.) Control Electronic Section Exterior Tracking Light Abort Electronics Assembly Helium Explosive Valves Absolute and Differential Pressure Transducers Helium Filter H20 Bacteria Filter Heater Assembly (RCS) Absolute Pressure Switch Helium Pressure Valve Actuator Bellows Assembly Helium Quad Check Valve Helium Filter Aircraft Air Filter Helium Relief Valve Lighting Control Assembly Mission Timer Ambient Helium Tanks Helium Valve - Descent Regulator Ascent - GOX Tanks Ascent Helium Storage High Pressure O2 Control Assembly Panel Overlay PLSS Condensate Collector Ascent Engine - Injector and Combustion Chamber Initiator Ascent Propellant Tanks Interstage Disconnect Program Reader Assembly Bulkhead Feedthrough Connectors Landing Gear Uplock Cutter Assembly Propellant Filters Propellant Level Detectors Burst Disk Latching Valve Cable Cutter Explosive Devices Oxygen Fill Disconnect Propellant Tanks Relays Circular Connectors Potentiometer Coaxial Switches and Connectors Pressure Relief Valve Sensor Probe Coupling Disconnects Propellant Filter Signal Conditioning Electronics Assembly Waste Management System Coupling Test Points Propellant Quantity Measuring Device Data Storage Propellant Solenoid Valve Window Panel Assembly Windows Data Entry Display Assembly Quad Check Valve Descent Engine RCS Explosive Cartridge Diplexer Reaction Control Subsystem MASSACHUSETTS (9) Attitude and Translation Control Assembly Disconnect Regulating Valve Disconnect. Flight Half Steam Vent Divider Descent Engine Control Assembly Discrete Transducers Descent Propellant Tanks (LM 6 and later) Suit Loop Switch Docking Lights Supercritical Helium Tanks Event Timer End Detonator Cartridges Surge Tank Disconnect Landing Radar and Rendezvous Radar Subsystem Miniature Switch Explosive Nut and Bolt Assembly Transducer Explosive Valves TTCA Transducer Mission Timer Toggle Switch Gimbal Drive Actuators Universal Ball Joint Transistors
Subcontracted LM Components NEW JERSEY (8) MICHIGAN (6) INDIANA (2) Communication Subsystem Circuit Breakers Descent Propellant Tanks (LM4 and 5) Helium Temperature Pressure indicator Flight Director Attitude Indicators Heat Exchanger Discrete Propellant Quantity indicator Gimbal Angle Sequencing Transformation Assembly Range/Altitude Indicator Helium Latch Valve MISSOURI (2) Rotary Switch Relief Valve Ascent and Descent Batteries Rough Combustion Cutoff Time Delay Bacteria Filter Solenoid Valve Synchros OHIO (4) VERMONT (2) Digital Uplink Assembly Retractable Cable CONNECTICUT (7) Electroluminescent Lamps Wire Caution and Warning Interior Floodlight C02 Sensor Portable Utility Light IOWA (1) Component Caution Thrust/Weight Indicator Environmental Control Subsystem ARIZONA (3) Inverter Circuit Interrupter MAINE (1) Pressure Garment Assembly 02 Connectors Fire-in-The-Hole (FITH) Connector Propellant Quantity Gaging System Waveguides Interrupter MARYLAND (1) MINNESOTA (7) VIRGINIA (3) Oxygen Hose Attitude Control Assemblies C-Band Transponder Flag indicators (Talkbacks) Electrical Control Assembly NORTH CAROLINA (1) Pushbutton Switch RF Signal Sampling Sensor Pyro Battery Self-Luminous Devices Signal Strength Meters FLORIDA (2) RHODE ISLAND (1) Target Assembly Pulse Code Modulation/Timing Electronic Assembly Flex Lines X (Cross) Pointers TENNESSEE (1) Cold Plate Assembles
Interface Control Documents
Discussion Groups • Moon Machines video (“The Lunar Module”) • An overview of LM development • Kelly Chapter 5 (“Engineering a Miracle”) • The view form Grumman, focused on preliminary design • Lutz Report (“Development of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit”) • An “Apollo Experience Report” focused on the spacesuit and PLSS
PLSS Remote Control Unit
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