Local initiatives towards zero waste in Phitsanulok Municipality, - PDF document

Local initiatives towards zero waste in Phitsanulok Municipality, Thailand Janya Sang-Arun Policy researcher Sustainable Consumption and Production Group Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Phitsanulok Municipality, Thailand Phitsanulok 18.26 km 2 of municipal area • • 24,000 households • 90,000 registered population • 50,000-100,000 non-registered • Waste generation in 2011 is about 76 tonnes/day • Estimated waste composition is 40% organic, 40% recyclables, 20% others Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang 2 1

IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Driving force of the zero waste policy in Phitsanulok Municipality • Rapid increase of waste generation (1.5 kg/person/day) • The municipality changed open dumping sites very often and each time the distance from the town to dumping site is further • Increase social resistant from local community on disposal sites • Land price is increasing Photo: Suthi Hantrakul Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 3 Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Improvement of municipal solid waste management toward zero waste landfill • Started in 1996 with support from GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH) • Aimed for zero waste landfill since 2007 • Introducing the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) based on voluntary basis • Introducing polluter pay principle • Introducing community based waste management and public participation – Avoiding use of non-biodegradable and promoting reuse – Household and community composing – Recyclable waste separation for sale • Applying mechanical biological treatment (MBT) prior to sanitary landfill • Converting plastic to oil (not fully operated yet) Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang 4 2

IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Phitsanulok Model on municipal solid waste Household waste Sellable Organic Hazardous I nfected Waste to be Materials Waste Waste Waste Disposal Mechanical biological Household Incineration treatment (MBT) Sell by residents Storage composting by hospital Screening Community Base Disposed by Solid Waste Private company Refuse Daily Management Derived cover CBM Fuel Source: Phitsanulok Municipality Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Examples of awareness raising campaign and training on community based waste management Mobile awareness raising program CBM training for communities Promoting reducing use of plastic shopping bag Mobile awareness raising program Photo: Suthi Hantrakul Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang 6 3

IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Promoting recycling business • Involvement of waste buyers since the beginning of project development process. • Active interaction with residents (e.g. door knocking program) and other stakeholders. • Involvement of educational institutes (schools, university). • Continuous awareness raising and follow-up activities. • Facilitating the mechanism of waste separation for sale and regulating the environmental and health impacts, without interfering with the business mechanism. • Introduction of waste bank program • Free market competition = many waste buyers. Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 7 Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Participatory recycling business model in Phitsanulok, Thailand Waste buyers and sorting Sharing roles Municipality: facility: Wongpanit Initiator, Motivator, Facilitator, Regulator Active recyclable waste collectors, and Inspector waste buyers and waste circulators Motivate and encourage Train waste pickers and itinerant residents on recyclable waste buyers on environment, health, waste separation for sale waste sorting techniques, etc Residents Waste pickers and buyers  Operate waste banks  Act as volunteers for environments  Join waste market events  Buy recyclables and sell sorting  Sell household waste materials to recyclers Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang 8 4

IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Common flows of recyclable waste under free market conditions in Phitsanulok Municipality Waste pickers in town Itinerant waste buyers Residents Waste banks Junkshops Community Waste sorting and Waste banks dismantling facility (private) Schools Waste pickers at Waste collection Students dumpsite Recyclers (private) crews Main flow Other flow Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 9 Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Price of recyclable materials is fluctuated but mostly increase 9.00 250 229 8.00 May-10 May-11 % increase Waste price (USD/unit) 200 7.00 Price change (%) 161 6.00 150 5.00 81 100 4.00 3.00 50 26 24 19 24 16 15 16 14 1 30 2.00 17 -11 0 1.00 0.00 -50 Note : Domestic price of recyclable materials in Thailand (Wongpanit’s price) 1 unit = 1 kg for most of materials expect for E-waste and glass Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang 10 5

IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Benefits of sustainable recycling business • Reduce waste for disposal • Reduce environmental impact • Extend lifetime of landfill • Earn more from larger quantity Municipality • Reduce budget for WM and variety of sellable waste • Get more WM fee from residents • Expand to international market Waste sorting Residents facility • Earn from selling waste • Can pay waste fee to Benefits for all municipality • Earn more from larger quantity and variety of sellable waste Junkshops Waste pickers • Work in better conditions (health and social status) • Work in better conditions • Upgrade to itinerant waste Itinerant • Earn more from larger quantity buyers waste and variety of sellable waste buyers Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 11 Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Sustainable organic waste management: household and community composting Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang 12 6

IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Changes in MSW to landfill site after introducing the 3Rs in Phitsanulok, Thailand 160 50 46.5 45.1 142 43.7 139 45 Waste for collection service (tonnes/day) 42.3 42.3 42.3 140 40.8 40.8 40.8 127 % of reduction compared to 1997 40 37.3 120 Saving 35 210,000 USD/yr 100 30 89 84 84 84 82 82 82 80 78 76 80 25 20 60 15 10.6 40 10 20 5 2.1 0 0 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Change in socio-economic conditions The business sector • Increase recyclable materials available for the production side  Quantity of recyclables increased • Increase business opportunity  Numbers of junkshops increased (4  9 shops)  Numbers of tricycle waste buyers increased  Numbers of waste pickers decreased (240  70) The residents • Earn from selling recyclable wastes  (3.3-13.3USD/month) • Possible to pay for waste management fee (1USD/month) Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang 14 7

IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Mechanical - Biological Waste Treatment prior to sanitary landfill Area: 35.2 hectares Compost like product Homogenizing and Passive forming the pile composting for 9 months Plastic Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Conversion of plastic to oil Pyrolysis Refuse Derived Fuel :RDF Source: Phitsanulok Municipality Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang 16 8

IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Achievement of zero waste target 100% Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 17 Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang IGES-SCP Phitsanulok zero waste model Reduction of GHG emissions (Lifecycle approach) GHG emissions (tCO 2 eq/yr) 25,000  78 t/d of waste (2010) 21438  87% emission reduction (LCA), or 20,000  84% emission reduction on the waste sector (avoided landfill) 15,000 10,000 -54% 5,000 3341 1615 750 264 78 69 0 NGV Diesel Transportation Operation MBT Pyrolysis Conventional Integration Baseline sanitary landfill Janya Sang-Arun IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Review and Planning Workshop on Eco-town, 11-13 December 2012, Penang 18 9