Linking UNFCC with Local Processes: Implications of REDD+ for forest - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Linking UNFCC with Local Processes: Implications of REDD+ for forest Implications of REDD for forest people’s livelihoods in Asia Presentation by Henry Scheyvens at UNU-IAS panel discussion on “Climate Change Legal Negotiations: discussion on Climate Change Legal Negotiations: Implications for forest governance, equity and livelihoods”, 9 March 2011, Yokohama

O tli Outline REDD+ Overview REDD+ Overview 1 1. Forests and livelihoods 2. REDD : Opportunities and threats for forest based REDD+: Opportunities and threats for forest-based 3. 3. livelihoods Lessons from 2 IGES projects 4. Workshop in Papua New Guinea 1. IGES Project on Community Carbon Accounting 2. Overall messages Overall messages 5. 5.

1. REDD+ Overview

REDD+ concept and scope p p Climate elements: Social and environmental safeguard elements:  Respect for knowledge and rights of IPs and local communities  Full participation of  Full participation of relevant stakeholders  Conservation of natural forests and biodiversity

Levels of REDD+ movement and activities Sub Sub- International National national National REDD- National REDD- Demonstration Demonstration Bali Action Plan plus strategies activities REDD-plus strategies, RELs, Decisions REL REL monitoring, it i 2/CP.13, 4/CP.15 reporting Copenhagen MRV Accord Accord Cancun REDD+ Payment Decision Decision distribution distribution

State of the negotiations: Points of agreement agreement Basic principles and Scope safeguards • Reducing emissions from deforestation • Principles P i i l • Reducing emissions from forest degradation • Country-driven • Conservation of forest carbon stocks • Consistent with national development needs and goals • Sustainable management of forests • Consistent with adaptation • Enhancement of forest carbon stocks • Adequate & predictable financing & Adequate & predictable financing & technical support • Results based • Promote sustainable management of forests • Safeguards (see earlier slide) Points of Points of agreement Phased approach Phased approach REDD+ readiness activities REDD+ readiness activities • Phase 1. National strategies / action • National Plan plans, policies, measures, capacity • National Reference Emission Level building • Robust and transparent national forest • Phase 2. Implementation with further monitoring system capacity building, technology p y g, gy • System for providing information on • System for providing information on development & transfer, & demo. safeguards activities • Phase 3. Fully measured, report and verified results-based actions

State of the negotiations: Points to g be resolved / elaborated  Financing : Will markets be allowed to finance REDD+, or will REDD+ only be financed by funds?  Definitions : Most of the REDD+ activities are still to be D fi iti M t f th REDD ti iti till t b defined by the UNFCCC (“forest degradation”, “sustainable management of forests”, “conservation”) g )  Safeguards : More direction from the UNFCCC on how information on safeguards will be captured and shared by countries needed by countries needed.

2. Forests and livelihoods

Conceptualizing livelihoods Co ceptua g e oods Definitions  Rights: Human rights are fundamental moral and legal entitlements that pertain to basic  wellbeing and dignity (Ljungman, C.M. 2004). Therefore, an adequate and sustainable llb i d di it (Lj C M 2004) Th f d t d t i bl livelihood is a right of all people Livelihoods: A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (stores, resources, claims and  access) and activities required for a means of living (Chambers, R., and G. Conway. 1992). Sustainable livelihoods framework (DFID 1999) Livelihood assets: H =Human capital S=Social capital N=Natural capital P Ph P=Physical capital i l i l F=Financial capital

How forests contribute to livelihoods li lih d Facts and figures: Poor people rely on Snapshot Snapshot f forests for t f Consumption (timber, Over 1 billion people who live in extreme 1.  poverty depend on forests for their non-timber forest livelihoods livelihoods products, energy, foods, Forest-based activities in developing  countries provide about 30 million jobs in building materials, the informal sector, as well as up to one- medicines medicines, third of all rural nonfarm employment. thi d f ll l f l t environmental services) Hunting and fishing provide over 20  percent of household protein requirements Subsistence 1. in 62 developing countries, much of it forest-based. Cash income through 2. In developing countries, forest-based  sales and employment enterprises provide 13–35% of rural non- Safety nets y farm employment p y 2.

Characteristics of forest-based income generating activities of local communities  Legislation favors large-scale forestry enterprises; small forest enterprises often overlooked in rural planning because of their size and lack of a focal point for b f th i i d l k f f l i t f assistance  Often insecure due to uncertain tenure  Often insecure due to uncertain tenure  Volume of trade and income generally low and seasonal  Without external support, capacity to add value through processing low  Market knowledge beyond local level poor  Middlemen play an important role Middl l i t t l

3. REDD+: Opportunities or threats for forest-based f f livelihoods e oods

REDD+ opportunities for livelihoods – the optimist’s perspective p p REDD+ will provide local communities with a new source of income  through payments for certified emissions reductions Alternative livelihood strategies that are non-destructive to forests  will be generated Communities will benefit through enhanced and protected g p  environmental services Communities will be employed for REDD+, e.g. as forest wardens  Communities will benefit through governance reform and better Communities will benefit through governance reform and better   forest policies that REDD+ will require Communities will receive awareness and capacity building on  climate change climate change

REDD+ potential threats to li livelihoods lih d  Denial of access to forests and forest resources =  Denial of access to forests and forest resources = greater poverty and vulnerability  Exclusion from decision-making: Circumvention of stakeholder consultation processes  Further entrenchment of weak governance and structures structures Elite capture  Financial mismanagement 

4. Lessons from 2 IGES projects 4.1 National REDD+ Workshops in Papua New Guinea 4.2 IGES Project on Community Carbon Accounting Carbon Accounting

4.1 Views on REDD+ and livelihoods from “INA-IGES REDD+, PES and Benefit Sharing Workshop” Feb. 17 – 18 2011, Gaire, Papua New Guinea

 Workshop message 1: REDD+ must p g contribute to a major reform of the public sector Forests under increasing threats with no Forests under increasing threats, with no   sustained benefits for communities and loss of livelihoods and environmental services  Why? Corruption incompetence and  Why? Corruption, incompetence and negligence in public sector  Developers gaining community agreement for land development without a proper “free prior p p p p informed consent process”  ~5 million hectares of community land issued as leases for agricultural projects to d developers over past 5 years l t 5  Communities do not realize that under agricultural leases they lose rights to their land for up to 99 years for up to 99 years

 Workshop message 2: Awareness, capacity W k h 2 A it building and support on REDD+ essential Have a pool of climate/forest resource and PES/REDD+  specialists readily available to advise communities impartially Conduct continued Awareness Campaigns and Road shows  on Climate Change and REDD for all key stakeholders

 Workshop message 3: Clarify the ownership of carbon Workshop message 3: Clarify the ownership of carbon rights Who owns the carbon? Views expressed at the workshop  included:  Communities own the carbon  The concession holders own the carbon  The Forestry Act 1991 should not apply as carbon is an entirely new concept

 Workshop message 4: Livelihoods should be the Livelihoods should be the central objective of any action on climate change Link REDD+ with adaptation  and national development strategies Take a no regrets approach in  which forests will continue to serve the livelihoods of communities, even if REDD+ iti if REDD revenues fail to materialize

4.2 IGES Community Carbon 4.2 IGES Community Carbon Accounting (CCA) Project

CCA approach Communities work with experts to  Map their forest area and stratify forest according to  management types and carbon stocks Establish sample plots to measure biomass  Estimate carbon stocks Estimate carbon stocks   Prepare monitoring plans for continued periodic  monitoring and measurement