21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 EFFECTS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI EFFECTS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF LETTUCE OF LETTUCE Wantira Ranabuht Department of Botany, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Lettuce Lettuce Lettuce Lettuce � Lettuce : Lactuca sativa L. � Family : Asteraceae � Lettuce consist of : H 2 O 95% Carbohydrate 1-2% Protein 1-2% Lipid 0.25% ( นิพนธ์ , 2547) 1
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 Lettuce Lettuce Lettuce Lettuce Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Energy 55 kJ (13 kcal) Carbohydrates 2.2 g Dietary fiber 1.1 g Fat 0.2 g Protein 1.4 g Water 96 g Vit Vitamin A equiv. i A i 166 μ g (18%) 73 μ g (18%) Folate (Vit. B 9 ) Vitamin C 4 mg (7%) Vitamin K 24 μ g (23%) Iron 1.2 mg (10%) Organic Farming Organic Farming Organic Farming Organic Farming � promote and enhance agro-ecosystem health, agro ecosystem health, including biodiversity � avoid the use of synthetic inputs ( (such as fertilizers, h f tili pesticides, hormones, etc.) ( กรมวิชาการเกษตร , 2543) http://www.organicagriculture.co/home.php 2
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycorrhizal (AM) Mycorrhizal (AM) (AM) (AM) PLANT AM AMF associations involve three-way interactions between the fungus, host plant and soil factor. (Brundrett et al ., 1996) 3
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycorrhizal Fungi (AM) Mycorrhizal Fungi (AM) Fungi (AM) Fungi (AM) Plant : AMF : Get water, minerals and Get carbon (Photosynthesis) root protection from from host plant. attacking by soil pathogen. (Brundrett et al ., 1996) Benefit of AMF Benefit of AMF Benefit of AMF Benefit of AMF � Increase minerals and water uptake � Improve resistance to stress conditions � Increase soil stability ( กิตติมา , 2548; Brundrett et al ., 1996) 4
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 Benefit of AMF Benefit of AMF Benefit of AMF Benefit of AMF � Protective effect against root diseases (soil pathogens) and nematodes. Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Fungi (AMF) Fungi (AMF) � AMF increase yield of plants � AMF increase yield of plants tomato eggplant strawberry potato Karagiannidis et al., 2002 5
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Fungi (AMF) Fungi (AMF) There was diversity and colonization levels of AMF f in onion roots grated in organic field than conventional field Guillermo et al ., 2009 Objectives Objectives Objectives Objectives � To study the effect of different isolates of AMF on growth and yield of lettuce ( Latuca sativa L.) for using in organic for using in organic farming system http://www.lesla.com/board/gen.php?id=27841&mode_id=17 6
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 Materials and methods Materials and methods Materials and methods Materials and methods AMF isolation and inoculum preparation p p Identification of AMF Studying the effect of different isolates of AMF on growth and yield of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) AMF isolation AMF isolation � AMF were collected from lettuce a commercial organic farm in Wang Nam Keaw district Nakorn Rachasima farm in Wang Nam Keaw district, Nakorn Rachasima province � Soil around rhizosphere was randomized sampling at the depth of 0-20 cm 7
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 AMF isolation AMF isolation � wet-sieving and decanting 850 μ m 850 μ m technique 180 μ m (Gerdemann and Nicolson, 150 μ m 1963) 75 μ m 75 μ m 75 μ m 150 μ m 150 μ m � sucrose centrifugation (Daniel and Skipper, 1979) AMF inoculum preparation AMF inoculum preparation � Propagating of AMF � Propagating of AMF The isolated AMF spores were propagated by growing in Sorghum sp. pot t 8
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 Identification of AMF Identification of AMF � spore staining (Gai et al ., 2006) PVLG AMF AMF PVLG + Melzer’s reagent Identification of AMF Identification of AMF Morphology Morphology shape, color, size shape, color, size and wall layer and wall layer 9
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 Results Results Results Results � AMF could be identified by using morphological characteristics into 4 genera Genus Species Acaulospora Acaulospora sp. Gigaspora Gigaspora sp. Glomus Glomus etunicatum Glomus geosporum Glomus macrocarpum Glomus mosseae Scutelluospora Scutelluospora sp. Identification of AMF B C D A E F G A : Acaulospora sp. B : Gigaspora sp. C : G. etunicatum D : G. geosporum E : G. macrocarpum F : G. mosseae G : Scutellosora sp. 10
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 Effect of AMF on growth and yield of lettuce Effect of AMF on growth and yield of lettuce � Lettuce : Lactuca sativa L Lettuce : Lactuca sativa L. Green Oak Red Oak Effect of AMF on growth and yield of lettuce Effect of AMF on growth and yield of lettuce Seedlings of green oak and red oak Seedlings of green oak and red oak inoculation 50 spores of each isolate 50 spores of each isolate 45 days measured leaf number measured leaf number measured leaf number, measured leaf number, leaf fresh and dry weight leaf fresh and dry weight and percentage of root infection and percentage of root infection % root infection by Philips and Hayman (1970) method 11
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 Results Results Results Results Growth and productivity of green oak lettuce with AMF Control A B C D E F G A : G. mosseae B : G. etunicatum C : Gigaspora sp. D : G. geosporum E : Scutellosora sp. F : Acaulospora sp. G : G. macrocarpum Results Results Results Results � Root Infection hypha arbuscule vesicle 12
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 Results Results Results Results Growth and productivity of green oak lettuce infected with AMF leaf fresh weight g Leaf dry weight y g Treatment leaf number % root infection (g) (g) Control 4.75 ± 0.48 a 0.23 ± 0.07 a 0.01 ± 0.00 a 0 ± 0 a Acaulospora sp. 5.14 ± 0.26 a 0.24 ± 0.05 a 0.02 ± 0.00 a 61.42 ± 3.36 b Gigaspora sp. 6.77 ± 0.30 abc 1.10 ± 0.18 a 0.05 ± 0.01 a 54.86 ± 4.92 b Glomus etunicatum 5.69 ± 0.29 ab 0.67 ± 0.13 a 0.04 ± 0.01 a 56.71 ± 6.10 b Glomus geosporum Glomus geosporum 6 67 ± 0 23 bc 6.67 ± 0.23 0.63 ± 0.08 0 63 ± 0 08 a 0 03 ± 0 00 a 0.03 ± 0.00 55.23 ± 4.96 55 23 ± 4 96 b Glomus macrocarpum 8.20 ± 0.63 d 2.43 ± 0.48 b 0.17 ± 0.03 b 56.41 ± 3.41 b Glomus mosseae 7.50 ± 0.50 cd 2.70 ± 0.63 b 0.15 ± 0.04 b 61.71 ± 5.99 b Scutelluospora sp. 8.18 ± 0.60 d 2.93 ± 0.68 b 0.18 ± 0.04 b 69.90 ± 4.76 b Column values followed by the same letter are not significantly different as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test (P = 0.05). Results Results Results Results Growth and productivity of red oak lettuce with AMF Control A B C D E F G A : G. mosseae B : G. etunicatum C : Gigaspora sp . D : G. geosporum E : Scutellosora sp. F : Acaulospora sp. G : G. macrocarpum 13
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 Results Results Results Results Growth and productivity of red oak lettuce infected with AMF leaf fresh weight Leaf dry weight Treament Treament leaf number leaf number % root infection % root infection (g) (g) Control 7.20 ± 0.92 c 0.83 ± 0.23 a 0.06 ± 0.02 a 0 ± 0 a Acaulospora sp. 5.45 ± 0.28 a 0.46 ± 0.12 a 0.03 ± 0.01 a 59.75 ± 3.49 b Gigaspora sp. 5.54 ± 0.43 ab 0.74 ± 0.23 a 0.05 ± 0.01 a 59.80 ± 4.20 b Glomus etunicatum 6.53 ± 0.26 abc 1.42 ± 0.19 a 0.08 ± 0.01 a 60.50 ± 2.91 b Glomus geosporum Glomus geosporum 6.60 0.43 6.60 ± 0.43 abc 2.03 ± 0.71 ab 2.03 0.71 0.11 ± 0.04 ab 0.11 0.04 52.10 ± 3.71 b 52.10 3.71 Glomus macrocarpum 5.85 ± 0.39 abc 0.39 ± 0.07 a 0.03 ± 0.00 a 61.09 ± 2.08 b Glomus mosseae 7.00 ± 0.75 bc 3.48 ± 1.58 c 0.19 ± 0.10 c 62.34 ± 3.40 b Scutelluospora sp. 5.92 ± 0.38 abc 0.80 ± 0.14 a 0.05 ± 0.01 a 60.38 ± 3.60 b Column values followed by the same letter are not significantly different as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test (P = 0.05). Discussion Discussion Discussion Discussion Plant AMF Effect lettuce lettuce G. mosseae G mosseae AMF increased nitrate AMF increased nitrate ( L. sativa ) reductase activity Marulanda (nitrate � ammonium) (2003) lettuce G. coronatum similar to ( L. sativa ) G. intraadices 4 mM N + 1 mM P Adraiana et al. G. clarodeum (2003) G. mosseae 14
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Green oak Red oak Scutelluospora sp. Glomus mosseae Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Utilization of Biodiversity and the Center of Excellence in Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University 15
21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you Dr. Teerada Wangsomboondee 16
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