LESSONS LEARNED FROM A COMMUNITY- BASED MPA NETWORK IN HAWAII BASED MPA NETWORK IN HAWAII Brian Tissot, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA
West Hawai`i Aquarium Project Major Investigators: Major Investigators: Bill Walsh, Hawai’i Division of Aquatic Resources Brian Tissot, Washington State University Vancouver Sara Peck, UH Sea Grant Extension Service Sara Peck, UH Sea Grant Extension Service West Hawaii Fisheries Council, Kailua-Kona, HI Ivor Williams, Hawai’i Division of Aquatic Resources Student Divers: Delisse Ortiz, Jonathan Hultquist, Kathy Greenwood, Mark Albins, Paul Clark, Steve Cotton, Jeff Elba, Karen Geisler, Ranya Henson, Jackie Holbrook, Shaun Norris, Daniel Okumura, Kara Osada, Kim Page, Greg Polloi, Linda Preskitt, Noelani Puniwai, Dan VanRavensway, Todd Wass, Lisa Wedding, Darla White, Rachael Younger, Brian Zyglicynski + many others Others: Others: Bob Nishimoto, Brent Carmen, Pete Hendricks, Hawai’i Division of Aquatic Resources Leon Hallacher, University of Hawai’i Hilo
Lessons Learned 1. Engaged Community & Legislature 1. Engaged Community & Legislature � Need top-down & bottom-up support 2 2. Strong Natural & Social Science St N t l & S i l S i � Cooperative research program 3. MPA Network Effectiveness � Spillover & Connectivity � Spillover & Connectivity � Connections to fishery
Conflict over aquarium fish Conflict over aquarium fish Shared resources: Shared resources: – Harvest vs. view fish – Clash over perceived decline Clash over perceived decline
Community Engagement Community Engagement 1978: Tropical reef fish conference 1987 I f 1987: Informal agreements l t 1991: Kona Coast Fishery Management Areas 1996: West Hawaii Reef Working Group 1996: West Hawaii Reef Working Group 1997: Lost Fish Coalition Tissot & Hallacher, 2003, Conservation Biology, 17(6): 1759-1768
Legislative support Legislative support Act 306: West Hawai`i Regional Fisheries Management Area 1. Designate > 30% of coast as MPAs 2 2. Involve community in co management Involve community in co-management 3. Evaluate effectiveness West Hawai’i Fisheries Council West Hawai i Fisheries Council West Hawai’i Aquarium Project West Hawai i Aquarium Project
Fishery Replenishment Areas (FRAs) Areas (FRAs) Prohibit aquarium fish collecting Closed Dec 31 1999 Closed Dec. 31, 1999 1. North Kohala (20 km 2 ) 2 Puako (51) 2. Puako (51) 3. Ka`upulehu (45) 4. Honokohau (3.8) 5. Kailua-Kona (41) 6. Red Hill (2.5) 7. Honaunau (15) 7. Honaunau (15) 8. Ho`okena (5.8) 9. Miloli`i (3.9) 35% of West Hawai’i coast (0-200 m)
Monitoring Program Monitoring Program 1. Ten years: 1 yr baseline, 9-yrs closure 2. Funded by NOAA through Hawai`i Coral Reef Initiative Research Program and Hawai`i DAR 3. Mandate through Act 306 g 4. Cooperative research program
Rigorous BACI Design 5k 5k Control - collecting Observational Open + collecting design block + collecting FRA - collecting Repeated measure BACI design: • Among treatments (C-FRA, C-O) • Before vs. After • Among locations
control open Ten Years of Monitoring FRA 23 study sites - established pre-FRA (1999) • 4-6 surveys per year • Every 5 years for corals & habitat Fish categorized into life stages: Ad lt Adult Juvenile Recruit J il R it
2008 2007 2006 Yellow Tang Replenishment 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 40 30 20 10 0 2 ) m ty (#/100 an Densit Mea
2008 2007 2006 Yellow Tang Replenishment 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 40 30 20 10 0 2 ) m ty (#/100 an Densit Mea
2008 2007 YOY 2006 Yellow Tang Replenishment 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 40 30 20 10 0 2 ) m ty (#/100 an Densit Mea
2008 2007 2006 Yellow Tang Replenishment 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 40 30 20 10 0 2 ) m ty (#/100 an Densit Mea
2008 2007 2006 Yellow Tang Replenishment 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 40 30 20 10 0 2 ) m ty (#/100 an Densit Mea
Evidence for Adult Spillover Williams et al. 2009, Biol. Conserv.
Genetic Connectivity • 1071 adults & recruits • 11 loci • 11 loci • Parentage analysis • Four adult offspring • Four adult-offspring pairs Christy, Hixon, et al, manuscript
Genetic Connectivity • 1071 adults & recruits • 11 loci • 11 loci • Parentage analysis • Four adult offspring • Four adult-offspring pairs Christy, Hixon, et al, manuscript
Walsh et al., 2004; Williams et al., 2009 Productive Fishery
Improved Economics & Reduced Conflict Fisher Survey of MPA Effects: (n=21) Change in Socio-Economic Status: 45% -- Better or Much Better 45% 45% -- Unchanged Unchanged 5% -- Worse or Much Worse Conflict with others: 34% -- Better or Much Better 46% -- Unchanged Todd Stevenson 20% -- Worst
Lessons Learned 1. Engaged Community & Legislature 1. Engaged Community & Legislature � Need top-down & bottom-up support 2 2. Strong Natural & Social Science St N t l & S i l S i � Cooperative research program 3. MPA Network Effectiveness � Spillover & Connectivity � Spillover & Connectivity � Connections to fishery
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