developing a MPA network in the Great Barrier Reef Jon Day Great - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Lessons learned from developing a MPA network in the Great Barrier Reef Jon Day Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority MPA News Webinar 28 August 2009

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (a single MPA) Federal MP from low water mark along coast… Stretches over 14 o latitude …~250 km offshore In area, the GBR is about the same as Malaysia, New Zealand or Norway…

The Great Barrier Reef • ~ 3,000 separate reefs • over 900 islands Princess Charlotte Bay Lizard Island 0 80 Kilometres Cape Flattery

4 GBR = multiple use Marine Park Multiple Use: hence, most reasonable activities are allowed in certain zones, including:  aquaculture  commercial fishing, including bottom  defence training trawling in some areas  indigenous hunting  recreational fishing  permitted works,  shipping/ports including dredging  tourism

Zon onin ing = a key managemen ent t tool

Zoni oning Plan n – not the e only ly mana anageme ment t tool Preservation Zone – ‘no go’ Marine Nat’l Park - no-take Scientific Research Buffer Zone – pelagic trolling only Conserv’n Park – limited fishing Habitat Protection – no trawling General Use – all reasonable uses

Zo Zoning ng in GB GBRM RMP h P has been progre ressiv ssivel ely y develo loped ed since ce 1980s 0s By By the late 1990s, s, seven n marine zones types were applied …

Revised d ZP Old ZP Prese serva rvation tion Zone 0.2% (0.1%) Marine Nat’l Park 33.3% (4.6%) Scient ent. . Researc earch 0.05% (0.01%) Bu Buffer er Zone 2.9% (0.1%) Conservat’n Park 1.5% (0.6%) Habi bitat tat Protect’n 28.2% (15.2%) Genera neral Use 33.8% (77.9%) Revis ised d Zo Zoning ng Plan Pl 1 July 2004

The GBR zoning 'network' More than just the no-take zones …. … Rather, the network is the totality of all the zones operating synergistically, at various spatial scales, and with a range of protection levels that are collectively designed to meet objectives that a single zone or reserve would not achieve. Adapted from: 'Establishing Marine Protected Area Networks — Making It Happen' (2008) Publ. by IUCN-WCPA, NOAA and The Nature Conservancy.

Establishing MPA Networks : A guide for developing national and regional capacity for building MPA networks Non-technical summary report (16pp) WCPA/IUCN, 2007 Available on-line – see last slide for website

23 important considerations when developing a successful MPA network • Eight ecological criteria for network design; • Six areas of best practice for establishing networks; • Four broader considerations to help successfully embed MPA networks within a wider social network; and • Five key elements to make MPA networks happen and achieve their goals.

13 Ecolog Ec ogica ical l design n criter eria ia – Conne nnect ctivi ivity ty – Permanence rmanence – Prec ecaution autionary ry design ign – Replicati plication on – Representivit presentivity – Resilience esilience – Size ze and shape pe – Viability ability

14 Ecologica gical design criteri teria CONN NNECTIVITY ECTIVITY Consider all linkages, and wherever possible utilise them when planning the network; for example: • Within coral reefs (‘self seeding’ areas) • Between coral reefs (‘sink - source’ reefs) • Land-sea connectivity • Cross-shelf connectivity (nursery areas, spawning areas, feeding areas) • Upwellings • Long-shore ocean currents

15 Ex Example le of marine conne nect ctivity ivity The Red Emperor spends different stages of its life cycle utilising different habitats (Source: R Kelly, ACRS)

16 Ecologica gical design criteri teria REP EPRESENTI RESENTIVITY VITY an and R d REP EPLICA LICATIO TION • Systematic approach ie. representative examples of: • all bioregions • all key habitats/ communities • all ecological processes • Representation more important than specific percentages • More than one no-take area per bioregion (3-4 in some bioregions) • Aim to minimise and/or spread the risk from either natural disasters (eg. cyclone, COTs) or man-made disasters (eg oil spill)

17 Experts perts identified ntified bioregion regions: s: • 30 Reef • 40 Non- Reef ef ----- ---- ---- ---- ---- -- Total tal - 70 70 bioregions oregions

19 Ecologica gical design criteri teria SIZE SIZE and and SH SHAP APE • Larger rather than smaller (improve compliance) • ‘Simple’ boundaries where possible (improve public understanding and hence compliance) • Minimise edge effects • Maximise ecological benefits while minimising social-economic consequences • Consider other criteria (eg. connectivity)

20 Best practic Be tices es for plannin ing g and implemen entat tatio ion – Make ake best t use of f available ailable info form rmation ation – Stak akeh eholder older partic icipation ipation – Political litical commitm mmitment ent – Clea early rly define ned d objec ectives tives – In Inte tegrated grated manag nagem ement ent fr framework mework – Adap aptiv ive e manag agemen ement

21 Best t practi tice ce for planning & implementati entation on ST STAK AKEHO EHOLDER LDER PA PARTICIPATION TICIPATION • Legislative requirement for public involvement in planning (minimum of two formal phases) • Involved throughout planning process • Lessons learned for effective participation • Effective participation/input, not just token 'lip service'

Draft ft Zoning g Plan – mid 2003

Revised sed & final Zoning g Plan 2004

25 Best t practi tice ce for planning & implementati entation on PO POLIT LITICAL ICAL COMM MMITMENT ITMENT • Fundamental ongoing requirement • Major factor in success of RAP/rezoning • Important to maintain liaison throughout • Commitment at all levels (Minister, local politicians, agency) • ‘Political windows’ • Accept there is likely to be some political compromise

26 Best t practi tice ce for planning & implementati entation on CLE LEAR ARLY LY DEF EFINED INED OBJ BJECTIVES ECTIVES • Clear objects of the Act (primary & secondary) • Clear zone objectives (derived from legislation) • 11 biophysical planning principles (‘measurable’, against which zoning network could be assessed) • 4 socio-economic-management principles

Planning ‘principles’ for no -ta take ke network work Biophysical Operating Principles 1. Minimum size 20km across if possible 2. The larger, the better 3. Replicate no-take areas within bioregions to reduce risk 4. Don’t ‘split - zone’ reefs if possible 5 & 6. Minimum of at least 20% per bioregion (5 = reef; 6= non-reef) 7. Consider cross-shelf & latitudinal diversity 8. Include examples of all community types & physical environments 9. Consider connectivity 10. Consider special & unique sites/locations 11. Consider adjacent uses Social, Economic, Cultural & Management Operating Principles 1. Maximise complementarity with adjacent areas 2. Recognise social benefits / costs 3. Complement existing & future management 4. Maximise public understanding & enforceability

28 Broader Br er consid ider erati ation ons s or contex text – Econ onomic omic and social ial cons nsideration iderations – Spat atial ial and te temporal poral consid nsiderations erations – Scientific ientific and inform rmation ation manag agement ement considerati nsiderations ons – Instit titutiona utional l and governa ernance ce cons nsideration iderations

29 Broader der consideratio erations ns or context xt EC ECONOM ONOMIC IC an and d SO SOCIAL IAL CONSIDERATIO NSIDERATIONS NS • Use best available biophysical & socio-economic information • Better information will ensure better planning outcomes • Need ability to incorporate new knowledge as it becomes available • Consider what influences public attitudes • Identify broad costs and benefits (incl indirect costs and benefits) • ecosystem goods & services • cultural traditions and values

Social - economic datasets eg. commercial fishing – grid data 30 Commercial cial Line e fishin hing g logboo book k data - reef & non-reef

DR DRAF AFT T Zo Zoning g Pl Plan Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) Data

FI FINA NAL Zo Zoning Pl Plan VMS Data

33 Broader der consideratio erations ns or context xt SP SPAT ATIAL IAL an and T d TEM EMPO PORAL AL CONSIDERAT SIDERATION IONS • Recognise ecosystems exist at many scales and smaller ones often nested within larger ones • Plan at the appropriate scale • Recognise ‘shifting baselines’ (often already a disturbed state) • Dynamic systems subject to changes over time

34 Key elements nts for MPA n networks rks – Public blic educa cation, tion, communicati mmunication on and awarene reness ss – Political litical will l and leadership dership – Comp ompliance liance and enforc rcement ement – Monitori nitoring ng and asses sessm sment ent – Sustain stainab able le financing ncing