Kopeopeo Canal Remediation Project Community Liaison Group Meeting 21 August 2018 1
Meeting agenda topics • Welcome & introduction – John Pullar • Approval of minutes from previous meeting • Communications update – Abby Tozer • Tech talk on Bioremediation – Dr Chris Anderson/Dr Joanne Kelly • Project update – Brendon Love/Ken Tarboton • Independent Monitor – Pete McGowan/Andrew Kohlrusch • Cultural Monitor – Eula Toko • Health, Safety and Monitoring – Des McCleary • Other business • Light lunch 2
Communications • Website www.boprc.govt.nz/kopeopeo • Project page updates • Public notices Dredging trial, 2015 Open day, 2013 3
Communications Project page (Find the link from our webpage) • Register to follow the project • Receive email alerts when updates are published • You can unfollow at any time 4
Roots, Microbes and Mycelia Part 2 Prof. Chris Anderson Dr. Jo Kelly 21 August 2018
Overview • Bioremediation summary • Implementation of full-scale Bioremediation of the Kopeopeo Canal sediment • Frequently asked questions about Bioremediation
Bioremediation Definition: Use of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and plants to break down or degrade contaminants. Bioremediation goal: Detoxification of compound(s) and conversion to products that are no longer hazardous to human health and the environment.
Contaminant Environmental • PCP (Soluble) conditions Effective • Available moisture • Dioxin/Furan Bioremediation • Oxygen • Nutrients • pH • Temperature Microorganisms and Plants • Fungi (white rot fungi and soil fungi • Bacteria (beneficial soil bacteria) • Trees (Poplar/Willow)
Healing of Sediment from Kopeopeo Canal Scientists Gathering Developing Regional Council Information relationships with Engineers each other and the Ngati Awa land Communication 8 Years of Research and Development Development of Implementation of protocol to monitor healing bioremediation (2018-2019)
The remediation systems
Fungal based remediation Use of White rot fungi (Basidomycetes) and a soil fungus (Zygomycetes) to degrade contaminants These fungi are saprophytes (live on dead matter) and form complex mycelial networks in soil and wood The Lignin-degrading system is responsible for degradation of dioxin to CO2 Degradation is fortuitous – no energy gain
Fungal Based Remediation Geobag Fungal mat al mat • The fungus will grow as a mat on the top surface • Fungal mycelium will grow downwards looking for other food sources (wood fibres added to sediment during filling) Bacteria • Fungi excrete enzymes into the contaminated sediment • These enzymes break down the dioxin
Phytoremediation The use of plants to improve the environment Happens by way of extraction, degradation or management of soil contaminants For dioxin we are looking at degradation. The chemicals are broken down in the soil by microorganisms associated with plant roots
How does plant-remediation work? Sugars and organic material Water and into the soil contaminants out of the soil Biopumps Plant-remediation is driven by transpiration Remediation is linked to soil biological health
Phytoremediation Bacteria Enzymes • Tree roots release sugars into soil which feed bacteria • Tree roots also regulate the water and oxygen content of the sediment • The relationship between roots and bacteria is symbiotic • Added bacteria stimulate other naturally occurring Bacteria bacteria to grow (THE BACTERIAL WARS) • These added- and naturally-occurring bacteria produce enzymes that break down the contaminant (dioxin)
Full scale bioremediation
Preparation of Implementation Long term Preparation for bioremediation of monitoring and bioremediation agents bioremediation evaluation Solid fungal inocula will be Addition of lime placed onto wood pellet layer on the surface of sediment through On going analyses of probe The white rot will be prepared as port-holes (8 bags of inocula per information pre-packaged fungal inocula port-hole) (STARTING September 2018) ( PRODUCTION STARTING Addition of wood pellets August 2018) Soil fungus, bacteria and enzymes Addition of monitoring probe will be injected into sediment when trees planted (One GEOBAG at CS1 will have PDCD and PCDF testing set of monitoring Probes Sept 2018) (STARTING JULY 2019) Soil fungus will be grown as a Dewatering and equilibrium period liquid. Bacteria, enzymes and trees will be sourced Poles of either willow or poplar species will be inserted into ( PRODUCTION STARTING MAY sediment. DNA testing 2019) Baseline testing (September 2018) (STARTING JULY 2019)
3-4 weeks 2 weeks 2 weeks required for required for required for growth growth growth
Wood pellet processing
Bioremediation Implementation Summary Addition of wood, lime to sediment as it is pumped into Geobags Addition of Solid fungal product Top soil layer added over Geobags Addition of Liquid fungal product, bacteria, enzymes and trees
Fungal Based Remediation Geobag Fungal mat al mat • The fungus will grow as a mat on the top surface • Fungal mycelium will grow downwards looking for other food sources (wood fibres added to sediment Bacteria during filling) • Fungi excrete enzymes into the contaminated sediment • These enzymes break down the dioxin
Frequently asked Questions Will dioxin be uptaken by the trees, and be in the leaves? What will happen to the tree roots? How long will bioremediation take? What is dioxin broken down to?
What happens to dioxins in bioremediation? Anaerobic Bacteria: Dechlorination OCDD → 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD → 1,2,3,6,7,8- HxCDD → 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD → 2,3,7,8-TCDD → 2,3,7- TrCDD → 2,7-DCDD → 2MCDD → DD Basidiomycete Fungi Metabolise 2,3,7,8 TCDD and OCDD to 4,5-dichlorocatechol and tetrachlorocatechol, respectively Degradation pathway will affect TEQ
This is a completely natural process that will happen ‘naturally’ over time Bioremediation technology is all about speeding up this natural process
Project update Overview • Progress made over previous period • Dredging (progress, monitoring, validation) • Pump intake channel • Activities planned for upcoming period 25
Overview of progress (25 May – 21 August) � Main dredging completed past SH30 bridge along Shaw Road (Approx. 2km to date or 38% of canal length ) 26
Dredging progress Dredged to date 20-08-2018 Lift over SH30 2000m Bridge 4 FCS West S1 to S4 S4. 670m 1850m Validated to 1850m S2. 390m S3. 520m S1. 270m Lift over bridge 1 Lift over bridge 2 Lift over Paroa Rd Bridge 3 27
Section 4 completed • Several areas required re-dredge • EMVP revision • DTM issues with boundary and non- target material 28
29
Section 5 underway 30
Sampling with new push tube • New 1.2 m sediment coring device provides visual evidence of material in canal. 31
Weed removal • Cut before removal to leave roots in place • Same method of removal as Kope Drain Road • Placed on banks to drain off 32
Pump station intake channel • Validation completed 33
Geobags filled • Equivalent of 14 geobags filled to date • 611 bulk bags of o/s material 34
Activities planned for upcoming period • Trial new DTM in Section 5 • Validate Section 5 • Update to EMVP • Undertake flocculent trials • Clean up trial site on Kope Canal Road • Move water treatment plant to CS3 35
Independent Monitor monthly report available on website July 2018 June 2018 To be posted soon May 2018 See the Reports and Key documents page 36
Independent Monitor update • HDPE liner installed • Earthworks complete • Canal armouring complete • Canal turbidity issues • Validation sampling • Section 4 validated • Section 5 started 37
Validation Sampling Methodology • New equipment • Versatile • Superior core recovery • Allows visual inspection of material • Used in conjunction with total station to acquire location and levels • Team is developing enhanced re-validation methodology for EMVP • Will provide superior information • But methodology must be applied fastidiously and observations systematically documented 38
Groundwater Monitoring • Five groundwater samples were collected from the five monitoring wells located at CS1. Total PCDD/F I-TEQ Upperbound results between 5.68 and 8.61 pg/L were recorded in these water samples. • Six groundwater samples were collected from the six monitoring wells located at CS3. Total PCDD/F I-TEQ Upperbound results between 4.28 and 10.6 pg/L were recorded in these water samples. • All results were below the adopted Tier-1 trigger level criteria of 13.5 pg/L outlined in the Environmental Monitoring and Validation Plan (EMVP) and the consented limit of 30 pg/g. 39
Canal sediment validation 40
Canal sediment validation 41
Canal sediment validation 42
Canal sediment validation 43
Canal sediment validation Before / After Before / After Redgredging & revalidation Redgredging & revalidation 44
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