Key Technologies and Architectures h l d A h for Next Generation Mobile Networks Krishan K. Sabnani, SVP , Networking Research, Bell Labs August 27, 2007
The Network Evolution Yesterday… … Today… • Networks were designed to • Networks are designed to Volume of data traffic carry voice traffic carry primarily data traffic exceeds voice traffic • Data traffic mostly overlaid • Data traffic mostly overlaid • V • V oice traffic overlaid on oice traffic overlaid on on voice networks (using data networks (e.g. V oIP) modems) Content traffic becomes … Tomorrow… dominant • Future networks should be designed primarily for efficient content distribution and content search/location — Content distribution should not only be overlaid, but built in from ground up Content distrib tion sho ld not onl be o erlaid b t b ilt in from gro nd p • Future networks should also be able to effectively carry best-effort data traffic and QoS-sensitive multimedia traffic 2 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
BT’s Current UK Network PSTN PSTN Leased lines Copper KStream DSL ATM PDH access access IP SDH Fibre VC-12 SDH access PDH SDH VC-4 MSH -SDH access PDH PDH End ~5.5k ~2k ~1k ~300 ~100 ~15 User U sites i sites sites sites i sites i sites i 3 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
BT’s Simplified 21CN UK Network Multi-service access Converged core Class 5 Copper Call Server WWW DSL IP-MPLS-WDM Fibre & Copper Agg Box ISP Content Wireless Wireless End ~5.5k ~100 User sites sites 4 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
Tomorrow’s Converged Network Enterprise Networks Networks Radio R di Access A Controller Router Edge 3G Cellular Quality Router Networks of Service Always-On Al O (e.g. for voice) ( f i ) Global Roaming Next-Gen Services Enablement Layer Metro QoS-Enabled Networks N t k A Access Packet Core Network Router Edge Edge Router Router Router Personalization User Home Mobility Networks Network Intelligence Access 4G/Mesh Traffic Type Router (Multimedia) 5 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
Enabling Technologies • Future Telecom Networks will need secure, quality-enabled, high- speed, and well-managed converged packet cores • Bell Labs has several breakthrough programs to enable this change. Here are three examples: - S S f R oftRouter: A new architecture to deal with increased complexity of data A hi d l i h i d l i f d networking - Base S tation Router: An access router which terminates all radio network processing - AWARE S ystem for Wireless DDoS Defense 6 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
Enabling Technologies • Future Telecom Networks will need secure, quality-enabled, high- speed, and well-managed converged packet cores • Bell Labs has several breakthrough programs to enable this change. Here are three examples: - S S f R oftRouter: A new architecture to deal with increased complexity of data A hi d l i h i d l i f d networking - Base S tation Router: An access router which terminates all radio network processing - AWARE S ystem for Wireless DDoS Defense 7 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
Routers Are Becoming Increasingly Complex Complexity is an IP “ Middle-Age” problem! email WWW phone... SMTP HTTP RTP... � IP provides end-to-end datagram delivery service to p g y TCP UDP TCP UDP… protocols/ applications IP � IP can use any link-layer technology that delivers packets Ethernet PPP… CSMA async sonet... Emerging Applications are driving more functions into IP , copper fiber radio... expanding the “ waist” of the IP hour glass Router vendors incorporate all new IP functions into routers email WWW phone email WWW phone... C Complexity is spread throughout the network l it i d th h t th t k SMTP HTTP RTP... � Achieving network-wide obj ectives such as traffic TCP UDP… engineering requires complex translation of global engineering requires complex translation of global NAT mcast mcast mobile mobile IP IP obj ectives to configuration information in numerous IPSec diff-serv individual routers Ethernet PPP… � Misconfiguration or uncoordinated configuration can g g CSMA async sonet... result in poor performance or even network instability copper fiber radio... 8 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
Solution: SoftRouter Disaggregation of router hardware from software addresses this problem and has the potential for maj or additional advantages problem and has the potential for maj or additional advantages Bell Labs has a research program that disaggregates router control and transport planes (called S oftRouter-based approach) � Transport plane: packet forwarding element � Control plane: control element server and feature server p � Control element servers and transport plane communicate using standard protocols � Approach similar to S oftS witch-based disaggregation of class 5 switches 9 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
SoftRouter: New Router Architecture � Decoupling: S eparate complex control plane processing from the transport plane � Servers: Implement control plane processing functions on dedicated S I l t t l l i f ti d di t d external control plane servers � Standard Interface: Define standard protocol for control plane servers to p p interface to the forwarding elements Proprietary API API Feature Control Control Server Element plane Server processing processing Standard protocol Forwarding Packet plane Forwarding Transport Plane processing Element Current Router Model SoftRouter Model 10 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
Enabler for Chaining Packet Processing Services Unix allows processing to be composed via “ pipes” cat infile > prog1 | prog2 | prog3 > outfile Vision of packet services processing Vision of packet services processing service cards + service chaining = “ network pipes” Packet Packet Packet S ervice 1 S ervice 2 S ervice 3 Card Card Card Service C 3 L2/L3 3 L2/L3 Service Service 11 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
Comprehensive Service Management Reprogrammable service cards + reconfigurable service routing allow flexible composition of edge functions flexible composition of edge functions Bell Labs S olution built around service routing � Allows easy configuration fault performance management for edge � Allows easy configuration, fault, performance management for edge services � Configuration: on demand loading of services and definition of service g g chains � Fault: active detection and recovery of faulty “ services” � Performance: resource control and statistics on current service performance 12 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
Service Chaining Primitives A service chain specifies an ordered sequence of services to be performed for a packet flow Abstractly, a service chain is defined by composing individual apps using AND or OR operator app2 app2 and or app1 app1 app3 app3 Packets should be duplicated to both Packets should be sent to either app2 app2 and app3 – flow replication or app3 on a flow basis – load balancing Note: Pt-to-pt case is a degenerate case of either, packet leaving app1 should go to app2 13 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
app7 app6 app6 app5 app5 app10 or app9 app4 Example Service Chain app3 app8 and d app2 14 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007 app1
Example Application: Integrated Edge Packet Processing Security: y Stop attacks to Stop attacks to IP S ervices Platform with packet filtering/ and from programmable services card loaded mobiles DDoS protection with packet processing applications Control: Control services a P2P control/ P2P control/ mobile receives Bandwidth mgmt Application Enhance application Acceleration/Enhancement: Acceleration/Enhancement: experience experience Transcoding/Caching/Voice Quality 15 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
Enabling Technologies • Future Telecom Networks will need secure, quality-enabled, high- speed, and well-managed converged packet cores • Bell Labs has several breakthrough programs to enable this change. Here are three examples: - S S f R oftRouter: A new architecture to deal with increased complexity of data A hi d l i h i d l i f d networking - Base S tation Router: An access router which terminates all radio network processing - AWARE S ystem for Wireless DDoS Defense 16 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
Base Station Router: Push Intelligence to the Edge Current wireless networks are complex, involving many network elements, and result in high cost and high latency Base S Base S tation Router terminates all air-interface-specific functions in the base tation Router terminates all air-interface-specific functions in the base station Packet Telephone Telephone b backhaul kh l O O circuit Network Radio Mobile Base Station Controller voice Switching Center Packet Backhaul O packet O Internet Mobile Mobile data Router Router Base Station � Collapsing Radio Access Network elements into the Base Station Router base station simplifies network and reduces latency � Pushing IP intelligence to the base station results in g g better Quality of Service support 17 ACM MobiArch | Aug 27, 2007
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