“Illegal, Unreported, Unregulated” IUU Fishing Detection Jarred Byrnes Link to presentation on Google Slides: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/ Jonathan Matteson 16EigEHtQt8Hmfu1er4OkoMwVAMGN Edward Kerrigan 1Its1HCmTt4TiWM/edit?usp=sharing Jonathan Gessert
Useful Definitions Illegal, Marine Exclusive Regional Unreported, Protected Economic Fishery Unregulated Areas Zone Mgmt. Orgs. Fishing __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ MPAs are EEZs are sea RFMOs are IUU Fishing is protected bodies zones where a international fishing that is of water, which governing state organisations Illegal, Unreported, restrict human has special rights formed by Unregulated activity to protect regarding the countries to natural or cultural exploration and monitor and/or resources. use of marine regulate fishing in resources. areas of interest. 2
Background 77 million metric tons Problem & Scope The reported amount of fish caught in 2010 Methodology/ Technical Approach 109 million - Research metric tons 32 million metric tons - Systems Modeling The unreported amount of fish caught The total amount in 2010 - Data Analytics of fish caught $10 - $23.5 billion annually Validation in 2010 The estimated loss of income to coastal Value Created & countries and communities caused by Recommendations IUU fishing in 2009 Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is unsustainable. It harms the ecosystem and global economy.
Background Problem & Scope USCG IUU Fishing Countermeasures Methodology/ Technical Approach During peak fishing season, huge fleets of foreign ➝ - Research vessels encroach upon the US EEZ boundary line - Systems from countries of origin such as Modeling Russia, Japan, Poland, China and Taiwan. - Data Analytics The US Coast Guard enforces US EEZ regulations ➝ Validation through physically patrolling the boundary line. Value Created & Patrolling encompasses daily C-130 flights, Recommendations ➝ continuous USCG cutter presence, and patrol boats. 4
Background Problem & Scope Problem Methodology/ Technical Approach Preventing IUU fishing with physical patrolling, ➝ - Research investigation, and search and seizure by law - Systems enforcement is an expensive and Modeling time-consuming process - Data Analytics Using geospatially referenced, physics-based ➝ Validation sensor intelligence and data analytics techniques, Value Created & Lockheed Martin sees an opportunity to Recommendations contribute a solution to IUU fishing detection and enforcement. 5
Background Problem & Scope Scope Methodology/ Technical Approach Use vessel sensor data to research, develop, ➝ - Research and refine an approach to IUU fishing detection - Systems Develop a series of descriptive and predictive Modeling ➝ models progressing towards an IUU fishing - Data Analytics detection model Validation Value Created & Recommendations 6
Background Problem & Scope Planned Start with Sponsor Methodology/ Technical Approach A scheduled weekly meeting with the sponsor ➝ - Research A fundamental goal to advance data analytics ➝ - Systems efforts in IUU detection Modeling - Data Analytics Creative freedom to present potential solutions ➝ Validation Value Created & Recommendations 7
Background Problem & Scope Methodology / Technical Approach Methodology/ Technical Approach - Research data systems research analytics - Systems modeling lifecycle Modeling - Data Analytics relevant code fishing behavior data preparation Validation ➝ ➝ ➝ repositories architecture descriptive analytics ➝ Value Created & relevant research IUU fishing use predictive modeling ➝ ➝ ➝ Recommendations training data sources cases and state model validation ➝ ➝ vessel intelligence diagrams ➝ relevant regulations IUU fishing ➝ ➝ vessel fishing architecture ➝ behavior IUU fishing behavior ➝ 8
Background Problem & Scope Kristina Boerder’s Kristina Boerder’s Research Paper 1 Methodology/ Fishing Dataset Technical Approach - Research - Systems Modeling Key Research - Data Analytics Validation Global Fishing Value Created & EEZ, MPA, RFMO Watch (GFW) Recommendations Regulations Organizational (seaaroundus.org) GitHub Page 1 Improving Fishing Pattern Detection from Satellite AIS Using Data Mining and Machine Learning 9
Background Problem & Scope Systems Modeling Methodology/ Technical Approach A series of system engineering models were developed ➝ - Research to build a framework for which the data analytics model - Systems could be built Modeling Use Case diagrams were developed to define which ➝ - Data Analytics scenarios the analytical model would examine Validation Activity and State Machine diagrams provided in-depth, ➝ Value Created & step-by-step activities and states the model would Recommendations investigate to detect IUU Fishing A high level architecture diagram shows the overarching ➝ schema of the system 10
IUU Fishing Use Case Diagrams 11
IUU Fishing Use Case Diagrams 12
Turns off AIS ➝ Spoofing AIS ➝ Fishing Out of Season ➝ Vessels Too Close ➝ Illegal Sale of Fish ➝ IUU Fishing Activity Diagrams 13
IUU Fishing High Level Concept of Operation 14
Background Problem & Scope Limitations Methodology/ Technical Approach Validated training data was limited to data which was ➝ - Research hand labeled by Kristina Boerder - Systems Modeling No access to IUU fishing subject matter experts ➝ - Data Analytics Missing items referred to in Global Fishing Watch’s ➝ training-data and vessel-scoring repositories Validation Value Created & Datasets Recommendations Dataset documentation Code Code documentation 15
Background Problem & Scope Assumptions Methodology/ Technical Approach Not all vessels turn off their AIS transmission while ➝ - Research IUU fishing - Systems Modeling Models using AIS data are data source agnostic, and ➝ can be used with other signal intelligence providing - Data Analytics similar data Validation Value Created & Vessels with similar fishing gear exhibit the same ➝ Recommendations fishing behaviour regardless of the following: Legal vs. IUU fishing Location of operation 16
Background Problem & Scope Data Model Methodology/ Technical Approach - Research - Systems Geospatially Modeling Referenced Data - Data Analytics Validation Area of Interest Value Created & Recommendations Vessel Registration 17
Background Problem & Scope Data Analytics Methodology/ Technical Approach Lifecycle Tools Used - Research Data Preparation Python 2.7 ➝ ➝ - Systems Modeling Descriptive Analytics Jupyter Notebook / iPython ➝ ➝ - Data Analytics Predictive Modeling SciPy ➝ ➝ Validation Model Validation Pandas ➝ ➝ Value Created & Recommendations MatPlotLib ➝ SciKit Learn ➝ 18
Background Problem & Scope Data Preparation Methodology/ Technical Approach Data collection KB’s Training Data - Research Features KB's Source GFW’s training-data ➝ Timestamp AIS data - Systems From GitHub Repo Vessel ID AIS data Modeling Latitude AIS data - Data Analytics Data exploration (see table) Longitude AIS data Course AIS data Validation Data validation Speed AIS data Value Created & Distance Cleaned data to work ➝ Recommendations from shore Derived (KB) with GFW derivation Distance Scripts from port Derived (KB) Self Classification Fishing flag (KB) 19
Background Problem & Scope Descriptive Analytics Performed Methodology/ Technical Approach Descriptive statistics ➝ - Research Univariate analysis ➝ - Systems Modeling Visualizations and insights ➝ - Data Analytics Created derived data ➝ Validation Value Created & Recommendations 20
Background Problem & Scope Vessel Tracks and MPAs Methodology/ Technical Approach - Research - Systems Modeling - Data Analytics Validation Value Created & Recommendations Fishing Unclassified Not Fishing US MPA 21
Background Problem & Scope Ex. Course Deviation While Fishing Methodology/ Technical Approach Fishing - Research Not Fishing - Systems Modeling - Data Analytics Validation Value Created & Recommendations 22 Source: https://github.com/GlobalFishingWatch/vessel-scoring/blob/master/docs/ML-Fishing-Score-V1.1.pdf
Background Problem & Scope Ex. Speed Univariate Analysis Methodology/ Technical Approach - Research 16075 points - Systems Modeling - Data Analytics Validation Value Created & Recommendations 5181 points 23
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