IS AUSTRALIA’S APPROACH TO INJURY PREVENTION ADEQUATE? Professor Caroline Finch NHMRC Principal Research Fellow School of Hum an Movem ent and Sport Sciences University of Ballarat c.finch@ballarat.edu.au CRICOS Provider Number 00103D
FOCUS • Community sport • Population-based approaches • Getting, and keeping, more people involved • Sports safety rather than injury prevention • Research perspective • Evidence-informed policy and practice • Translation of research knowledge CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 2 17/ 12/ 2007
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TRADI TI ONAL APPROACHES • The sports injury domain has been governed by advances in clinical sports medicine (prior to mid 1990’s, mostly since then) • This has led to a focus on – improved diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of injuries – elite or high performance athletes – intrinsic risk factors – a focus on individuals CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 4 17/ 12/ 2007
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QUESTI ONS • Wouldn’t it be better and cheaper to prevent injuries from occurring in the first place? • Isn’t sport delivery targeted at community participants and children, as well as the relatively few elite/ professional athletes? • Shouldn’t we be concerned about safety for the very large numbers of community and recreational participants? • Doesn’t the sports delivery context impact on safety too? CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 6 17/ 12/ 2007
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CURRENT STATUS • National Public Health Partnership (2005) – The National Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Plan 2004-2014 – no specific mention of sports safety, implied • No national sport-focused safety policy • No partnership between lead health and sport agencies • No infrastructure for coordination or implementation efforts CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 8 17/ 12/ 2007
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CURRENT EVI DENCE BASE • Very little formal evidence that most measures work – but equally little evidence that things don’t work • Largely based on common sense and practice – does this matter? – can’t we still use this information? • Best buy for sport and physical activity safety “risk management plans” (NIPAC, 1999) • Guidelines/ resources available (e.g. Smartplay) • How much evidence is enough evidence? CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 11 17/ 12/ 2007
PREVENTI ON AND RESEARCH LI NK • To prevent injuries, prevention measures need to be: – acceptable – adopted – complied with • Only research that can be adopted in practice will prevent injuries Source: Finch, JSAMS 2006 CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 12 17/ 12/ 2007
NEW RESEARCH FRAMEW ORK T ranslating R esearch (into) I njury P revention P ractice Source: Finch, JSAMS 2006 CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 13 17/ 12/ 2007
THE TRI PP FRAMEW ORK TRI PP Counting injuries I njury surveillance 1 Injury causes Establish aetiology and m echanism s 2 of injury What could be done Develop preventive m easures 3 “I deal conditions”/ scientific What works 4 evaluation Develop im plem entation strategies I m plem entation 5 Evaluate effectiveness of preventive Prevention 6 m easures in im plem entation context Source: Finch, JSAMS 2006 CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 14 17/ 12/ 2007
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AUSTRALI AN PUBLI SHED SPORTS I NJURY RESEARCH ACCORDI NG TO TRI PP STAGES 2001-2006 40 35 N um be r of pa pe rs 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 TRIPP 1 TRIPP 2 TRIPP 3 TRIPP 4 TRIPP 5 TRIPP 6 TRIPP Stage CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 16 17/ 12/ 2007
AUSTRALI AN SPORTS I NJURY RESEARCH 2001-2006 35 30 % of all sport-specific 25 studies 20 15 10 5 0 n l e h l g y y n l t l g r l a l e o u a e r e s n a o n b a k i g b i k c l a b i n h f x t t c a c c t r t o u i u e o u e l t i o o e r i a o q m b n c s k y h s l i f s s r b y t n d a g b a l b u g e i l r u i a f r r t s u A CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 17 17/ 12/ 2007
CLEAR GAPS AND FUTURE DI RECTI ONS • Community sport – only 39% of all research (mostly competitive) • Children’s sport – only 12% of all research • Female sport – only 10-20% of all research CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 18 17/ 12/ 2007
W HAT ARE W E DOI NG W ELL? • Adults • High performance athletes • Male dominated sports • Australian football • Counting injuries • Identifying risk factors CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 19 17/ 12/ 2007
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A MAJOR CHALLENGE INCREASING SAFETY PARTICIPATION PROMOTION CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 22 17/ 12/ 2007
LI NK SAFETY AND PARTI CI PATI ON PROMOTI ON ACTI VI TI ES INCREASING SAFETY PARTICIPATION PROMOTION INCREASING SAFETY PARTICIPATION PROMOTION CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 23 17/ 12/ 2007
POW ER OF I NSURANCE • Survey of all Victorian LGAs (n= 48 responded) – 24 had ground checklists (20 of these included CMP-developed guidelines) • 4 Victorian SSAs – all used insurance developed match day checklists – one had central storage of records and could show direct link to injury reductions Otago et al, 2007 CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 24 17/ 12/ 2007
ENHANCE AND DEVELOP NEW PARTNERSHI PS W I TH THE I NSURANCE I NDUSTRY • Incentives (cost saving imperatives) • Can influence safety practice • Data – for problem identification and monitoring • Sport + Insurance + Research CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 25 17/ 12/ 2007
SUCCESSFUL PARTNERSHI PS • Squash – VSF + research partnerships since 1996 – identified barriers to PE use and developed and trialled strategy to promote it – Roll-out of program across the State – $5K DHS + $10K SRV + $122K NHMRC • Australian Football – AFL Victoria + research partnerships since 2000 – effectiveness of headgear and mouthguards ($176K VicHealth) – identifying game development needs for junior football ($15K SRV, $15K NSWSIC, $40K AFL) – preventing knee injuries ($1,066K NHMRC) – ground conditions ($28K SRV) CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 26 17/ 12/ 2007
FACI LI TATE REAL-W ORLD SPORTS SAFETY RESEARCH • Partnerships between sport and researchers • Focus on implementation – why will/ will not something work in practice • Real-world context for identifying priorities and prevention • Translation of research into sporting practice • Engagement of researchers with sports bodies • Potential for additional funding CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 27 17/ 12/ 2007
SOME USEFUL W EBLI NKS • Links to a variety of sports safety resources at Sports Medicine Australia: http: / / www.sma.org.au/ information/ sportsafe.a sp • Link to Smartplay: http: / / www.smartplay.com.au/ national/ Pub/ xpS tart.asp • Links to recent national sports injury reports: http: / / www.sma.org.au/ information/ ssdata.asp • Useful Australian-based sports injury information website: http: / / www.injuryupdate.com.au/ CRICOS Provider Number 00103D 28 17/ 12/ 2007
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