Inves&ga&on*of*selec&on*gradients*on*phenology* - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Inves&ga&on*of*selec&on*gradients*on*phenology* and*local*adapta&on*in*a*highly* selfing*species** * Nicolas(Rode ,*INRA,*UMR*AGAP,*Montpellier,*France* * 3d#Agreenskills#annual#mee0ng,#12415#Oct.#2015#

Quan/ta/ve(gene/cs(of(natural(popula/ons ! Post*secondary*preparatory*classes*(BCPST),*Lycée*St*Louis,*Paris,*France* * Bachelor*and*Master*in*Biology,*ENSL,*Lyon,*France* * PhD*in*Evolu&onary*Biology,*UM2,*Montpellier,*France* * ! Microevolu&on*in*ac&on:*a*quan&ta&ve*case*study*in*natural* Artemia * popula&ons* * 1 st *Postdoc*in*Evolu&onary*Biology,*UOOawa,*OOawa,*Canada* * ! Indirect*gene&c*effects*and*fitnessRassociated*outcrossing*in*the*fungus* Aspergillus#nidulans# * 2 nd *Postdoc*in*Evolu&onary*Biology,*INRA,*Montpellier,*France* * ! Inves&ga&on*of*selec&on*gradients*on*phenology*and*local*adapta&on*in* a*highly*selfing*species**

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures(

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures(

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures(

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures( • Three*possibili&es*to*avoid*ex&nc&on:*

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures( • Three*possibili&es*to*avoid*ex&nc&on:* ! Adapta&ve*response:*change*of*phenotype*with*gene&c*change* ! Plas&c*response:*change*of*phenotype*without*gene&c*change* ! Migra&on:**no*phenotypic*or*gene&c*changes*

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures( • Three*possibili&es*to*avoid*ex&nc&on:* ! Adapta&ve*response:*change*of*phenotype*with*gene&c*change* ! Plas&c*response:*change*of*phenotype*without*gene&c*change* ! Migra&on:**no*phenotypic*or*gene&c*changes* • Selfing*hermaphrodic*plants:*

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures( • Three*possibili&es*to*avoid*ex&nc&on:* ! Adapta&ve*response:*change*of*phenotype*with*gene&c*change* ! Plas&c*response:*change*of*phenotype*without*gene&c*change* ! Migra&on:**no*phenotypic*or*gene&c*changes* • Selfing*hermaphrodic*plants:* ! Small*effec&ve*popula&on*size*=>*Low*adap&ve*poten&al* ! ShortRdistance*pollen*dispersal*=>*Reduce*gene*flow*through*pollen*

Current(increase(in(summer(temperatures( • Three*possibili&es*to*avoid*ex&nc&on:* ! Adapta&ve*response:*change*of*phenotype*with*gene&c*change* ! Plas&c*response:*change*of*phenotype*without*gene&c*change* ! Migra&on:**no*phenotypic*or*gene&c*changes* • Selfing*hermaphrodic*plants:* ! Small*effec&ve*popula&on*size*=>*Low*adap&ve*poten&al* ! ShortRdistance*pollen*dispersal*=>*Reduce*gene*flow*through*pollen* " *Local*adapta&on*of*the*model*selfing*legume* Medicago#truncatula#

Local(adapta/on(in(the(model(legume,( Medicago!truncatula!

Local(adapta/on(in(the(model(legume,( Medicago!truncatula! 45 Southern#Spain#(2#genotypes)# 40 Corsica#(3#genotypes)# Southern#France#(9#genotypes)# 35 30 -10 0 10 20 30

Local(adapta/on(in(the(model(legume,( Medicago!truncatula! 45 Southern#Spain#(2#genotypes)# 40 Corsica#(3#genotypes)# Southern#France#(9#genotypes)# 35 30 -10 0 10 20 30 Are*local*French*popula&ons*beOer*adapted?* " *Rela&ve*importance*of*migra&on?*

Inves/ga/on(of(selec/on(gradients !

Inves/ga/on(of(selec/on(gradients ! GenotypingRbyRsequencing*(GBS)*of*the*14*genotypes* • Replicated*sawing*of*seeds*in*September*2014* •

Inves/ga/on(of(selec/on(gradients ! GenotypingRbyRsequencing*(GBS)*of*the*14*genotypes* • Replicated*sawing*of*seeds*in*September*2014* • Phenotypic*traits*measured*in*the*field*in*2015:* • ! Flowering*&me* ! Nitrogen*and*carbon*content* ! Specific*leaf*area*

Inves/ga/on(of(selec/on(gradients ! GenotypingRbyRsequencing*(GBS)*of*the*14*genotypes* • Replicated*sawing*of*seeds*in*September*2014* • Phenotypic*traits*measured*in*the*field*in*2015:* • ! Flowering*&me* ! Nitrogen*and*carbon*content* ! Specific*leaf*area* Frequency*of*each*genotype*es&mated*every*year*(star&ng*2015)**using* • HiRSeq*metabarcoding*

Inves/ga/on(of(selec/on(gradients ! GenotypingRbyRsequencing*(GBS)*of*the*14*genotypes* • Replicated*sawing*of*seeds*in*September*2014* • Phenotypic*traits*measured*in*the*field*in*2015:* • ! Flowering*&me* ! Nitrogen*and*carbon*content* ! Specific*leaf*area* Frequency*of*each*genotype*es&mated*every*year*(star&ng*2015)**using* • HiRSeq*metabarcoding* Correla&on*between*change*in*frequency*of*a*genotype*and*its* • phenotypic*traits?* Genotype* frequency* change* Nitrogen* concentra&on*

Genotype(frequency(es/ma/on(( using(pool?sequencing ! • Low*genotyping*error*of*the*parental* lines*(<1%)* • Varia&on*in*DNA*extrac&on/ quan&fica&on*accounts*for*most*of* the*es&ma&on*error* • Reliable*frequency*es&ma&on* provided*sufficient*read*coverage #

* Acknowledgements( Postdoc(advisors(/collaborators :** L.*Gay*/**J.*Ronfort* T.*Bataillon* S.*Glémin* S.*Santoni*/*K.*Loridon* Technical(assistance:( D.*Tauzin* P.*Noel* InsighEul(discussions:( N.*Chanteret*/*P.*Roumet* T.*Flutre*/*G.*Sarah* GE2Pop(lab(members *

Thanks !*

NIRS(protocol(valida/on(in(the(greenhouse( Corsica ● Narbonne ● Spain ● ● ● 4.8 ● 4.8 ● Predicted nitrogen content (mg/mg) ● ● Predicted nitrogen content (mg/mg) ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 4.7 ● ● 4.7 ● Corsica ● Narbonne ● ● 4.6 ● 4.6 Spain ● ● Corsica ● ● ● Narbonne ● ● 4.5 Spain ● 4.5 ● ● ● ● ● ● 4.4 4.4 ● ● ● ● 4.3 4.3 ● ● 0.760 0.765 0.770 0.775 0.780 0.785 0.790 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.016 Water content (mL/mg) Dry Weight (mg) " *Gene&c*differences*between*genotypes*in*nitrogen/water*content/DW* *H 2 =0.21/0.21/0.25*

Local(adapta/on( - d t r t t Fitness - d - s h Environment A Environment B Genotype A , a specialist in A n Genotype B , a specialist in B t Elena*&*Lenski*2003* e Genotype C , a generalist -