Introductions CSEP 510: Human Computer n Instructor Interaction n Richard Anderson n CSE 582 n anderson@cs.washington.edu Lecture 1: History n 206-543-4305 n Teaching Assistant Richard Anderson n Alan Liu n aliu@cs.washington.edu My Background Administration n UW CSE since 1986 Course Web: n Sabbaticals www.cs.washington.edu/education/courses/csep510/04wi/ n IISc, Bangalore, India, 1993-1994 n Learning Science and Technology group, Microsoft Web Viewer Research, 2001-2002 www.cs.washington.edu/education/dl/confxp/webviewer.html n Research background n Algorithms: Parallel Algorithms, Network flow, N- body computation, Computation Geometry. Sign up for the CSEP510 Mailing list n Adaptive layout, Constraint Satisfaction, Model mailman.cs.washington.edu/mailman/listinfo/csep510 checking, Educational Technology, Pen based computing. Workload Vannevar Bush n Weekly assignments n MIT Faculty / Dean n Reading n Early work on n Written homework assignment computers n Some writing n 1927 – Intergraph n Some programming n Name rhymes with n Homework turn in aliu@cs.washington.edu “beaver” n My goal: uniform, moderate workload n Sorry, no final exam, no term project J 1
Computing in 1945 As We May Think n Director of Office of Scientific Research and Development during WW II n Oversaw 6000 scientists n Essay written July 1945 The war is over, What do we do now? Too many papers n Essay written by the Director of the Office of The difficulty seems to be, not so much that we Scientific Research and Development publish unduly in view of the extent and variety of present day interests, but rather that publication n Biologists has been extended far beyond our present ability n Get back to work on curing the world’s diseases to make real use of the record. The summation of n Physicists human experience is being expanded at a prodigious rate, and the means we use for n You’ve been making “strange destructive gadgets” threading through the consequent maze to the n Do something else momentarily important item is the same as was n Solve the “information overload problem” used in the days of square-rigged ships. Supporting arguments Vision n Dramatic technological change n Foresaw massive compression of storage n Believed that advances in photography the key n The Encyclopedia Britannica reduced to the n Able to visualize many orders of magnitude size of a matchbox improvement n Speech to text n Recognized the importance of industrial economy and mass production 2
People adjusting to computers Computing Our present languages are not especially adapted n Massive improvements in performance to this sort of mechanization, it is true. It is n Envisioned a 30Mhz machine! strange that the inventors of universal languages n Controlled by card or film have not seized upon the idea of producing one which better fitted the technique for transmitting (programmed) and recording speech. Mechanization may yet n Did not appreciate the role of software force the issue, especially in the scientific field; whereupon scientific jargon would become still n This is a running theme in history of less intelligible to the layman. computing Storing all the world’s Computing in the future? knowledge n Recognized that using knowledge is Such machines will have enormous appetites. One what is important of them will take instructions and data from a whole roomful of girls armed with simple key n Amazing discussion of data structures board punches, and will deliver sheets of and search computed results every few minutes. There will n “Selection, in this broad sense, is a stone always be plenty of things to compute in the adze in the hands of the cabinetmaker” detailed affairs of millions of people doing complicated things. n Foresaw both credit cards (c. 1950) and transaction processing (c. 1970) Memex Memex Consider a future device for individual use, which is a sort of mechanized private file and library. It needs a name, and, to coin one at random, "memex" will do. A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory. 3
Memex features Invention of hyperlinks n All this is conventional, except for the When the user is building a trail, he names it, inserts projection forward of present-day the name in his code book, and taps it out on his mechanisms and gadgetry keyboard. Before him are the two items to be joined, projected onto adjacent viewing positions. At n Books preloaded or added by microfilm the bottom of each there are a number of blank n Direct insertion of correspondence code spaces, and a pointer is set to indicate one of n Scanner for handwriting these on each item. The user taps a single key, and n Access by code – frequent codes are mnemonic the items are permanently joined. n Levers for navigation n Annotation of materials Navigation Homework Assignment Thereafter, at any time, when one of these items n Is Google Memex? is in view, the other can be instantly recalled merely by tapping a button below the n Bush gives an example the paper of corresponding code space. Moreover, when using Memex to investigate the numerous items have been thus joined together to following form a trail, they can be reviewed in turn, rapidly or slowly, by deflecting a lever like that used for n Why was the Turkish short bow superior to turning the pages of a book. It is exactly as though the English long bow in the crusades the physical items had been gathered together n Use Google to explore from widely separated sources and bound together to form a new book. It is more than this, for any item can be joined into numerous trails. The vision Ivan Sutherland Presumably man's spirit should be elevated if he can n Sketchpad (1963) better review his shady past and analyze more n Pen based (or completely and objectively his present problems. He pointing based) has built a civilization so complex that he needs to computer mechanize his records more fully if he is to push his experiment to its logical conclusion and not merely n Many HCI / become bogged down part way there by overtaxing Graphics ideas can his limited memory. His excursions may be more be traced to his enjoyable if he can reacquire the privilege of PhD Thesis forgetting the manifold things he does not need to have immediately at hand, with some assurance that he can find them again if they prove important. 4
Sutherland, 1963 Contributions The Sketchpad system makes it possible for a man n Interactive Pen n Example – build and a computer to converse rapidly through the Drawing hexagonal grid medium of line drawings. Heretofore, most n Constraints n Six sided figure interaction between man and computers has been n Create Circle n Select / Copy / slowed down by the need to reduce all n Inscribe in circle communication to written statements that can be Group typed; in the past, we have been writing letters to n Make sides equal rather than conferring with our computers. n Erase circle n Make Copies n Join Copies Doug Englebart Mother of all demos n sloan.stanford.edu/mousesite/1968Demo.html n Stanford Research Institute (SRI) n Homework assignment: spend at least 30 minutes n Clip 12 introduces the mouse n Augmentation Research Center n 90 minute live demo between Menlo Park and San Francisco n Fall Joint Computer Conference (1000 attendees) n December, 1968 Mouse, Keyboard, Chorded Doug Englebart (1968) keyboard If, in your office, you, as an intellectual worker were supplied with a computer display backed up by a computer that was alive for you all day and was instantly responsive to every action you had, how much value could you derive from that device? 5
Input devices Contributions n First Mouse n First groupware (shared screen n First Hypertext teleconferencing) n First word n First context processing sensitive help n First 2d editing and n First distributed windows client-server n First document n And more! version control Course Preview Usability n Usability n Handwriting, n The design of whiteboards, and everyday things n Cognitive models recognition and process models n Multimedia n Design Techniques n CSCW n Visualization n Ubiquitous n Speech and Pen computing Input Cognitive and Process Models Design Techniques n Model human n Low Fidelity movement Prototypes n Speed vs. accuracy n Wizard of OZ testing n Paper Prototypes n Memory n Design by sketching 6
Read my important email Visualization Speech and Pen Input n Properties of eye n Speech input and and color output n Display of n Pen Based information Computing n Charts and graphs n Stylus Input Handwriting and Whiteboards Multimedia n Handwriting n Video conferencing recognition and n Archived segmentation audio/video n Electronic n Indexing whiteboards n Natural UI CSCW (Computer Supported Ubiquitous Computing Collaborative Work) n Feedback and n Location aware reputation systems computing n Groupware n Activity inference n Annotation systems n Experience capture n Sociology n Privacy concerns 7
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