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What are Design Patterns? What is UML? Class diagrams and delegation References Introduction Design Patterns and UML class diagrams Linda Marshall Department of Computer Science University of Pretoria 24 July 2015 Linda Marshall

  1. What are Design Patterns? What is UML? Class diagrams and delegation References Introduction Design Patterns and UML class diagrams Linda Marshall Department of Computer Science University of Pretoria 24 July 2015 Linda Marshall Introduction

  2. What are Design Patterns? What is UML? Class diagrams and delegation References Overview 1 What are Design Patterns? Definitions Why do I use Design Patterns? Design Patterns in COS121 2 What is UML? Background UML diagrams 3 Class diagrams and delegation Class diagram structure Associations Example Dependency 4 References Linda Marshall Introduction

  3. What are Design Patterns? Definitions What is UML? Why do I use Design Patterns? Class diagrams and delegation Design Patterns in COS121 References Definition 1 Patterns identify and specify abstractions that are above the level of single classes and instances or of components. Gamma et al (1995) [Gang of Four (GoF)] Linda Marshall Introduction

  4. What are Design Patterns? Definitions What is UML? Why do I use Design Patterns? Class diagrams and delegation Design Patterns in COS121 References Definition 2 Design Patterns constitute a set of rules describing how to accomplish certain tasks in the realm of software development. Pree (1995) Linda Marshall Introduction

  5. What are Design Patterns? Definitions What is UML? Why do I use Design Patterns? Class diagrams and delegation Design Patterns in COS121 References Definition 3 Design Patterns focus more on reuse of recurring architectural design themes, while frameworks focus on detail design and implementation. Coplien and Schmidt (1995) Linda Marshall Introduction

  6. What are Design Patterns? Definitions What is UML? Why do I use Design Patterns? Class diagrams and delegation Design Patterns in COS121 References Definition 4 A pattern addresses a recurring design problem that arises in specific design situations and presents a solution to it. Buschmann et al (1996) Linda Marshall Introduction

  7. What are Design Patterns? Definitions What is UML? Why do I use Design Patterns? Class diagrams and delegation Design Patterns in COS121 References Definition 5 Design Patterns are recurring solutions to design problems you see over and over. The Smalltalk Companion (1998) Linda Marshall Introduction

  8. What are Design Patterns? Definitions What is UML? Why do I use Design Patterns? Class diagrams and delegation Design Patterns in COS121 References Definition 6 Experienced OO developers build up a repertoire of general principles and idiomatic solutions that guide them in the creation of software. These may be called patterns. Craig Larman(2006) Linda Marshall Introduction

  9. What are Design Patterns? Definitions What is UML? Why do I use Design Patterns? Class diagrams and delegation Design Patterns in COS121 References Definition 7 Design Patterns are programming tools to improve code to be: easier to implement, and easier to maintain. are good answers to common and specialised problems. define a common ( programming language independent) programming model that standardise common programming tasks into recognisable forms, giving your projects better cohesiveness. CG Lasater (2007) Linda Marshall Introduction

  10. What are Design Patterns? Definitions What is UML? Why do I use Design Patterns? Class diagrams and delegation Design Patterns in COS121 References When design patterns are applied we achieve: Improved maintainability of code Improved adaptability of code Improved reliability of code Programmers who are more effective in their work. Linda Marshall Introduction

  11. What are Design Patterns? Definitions What is UML? Why do I use Design Patterns? Class diagrams and delegation Design Patterns in COS121 References There are 23 classic patterns categorised as: Creational Behavioural Structural Linda Marshall Introduction

  12. What are Design Patterns? Definitions What is UML? Why do I use Design Patterns? Class diagrams and delegation Design Patterns in COS121 References Each design pattern is further categorised by the strategy used in the implementation. The two implementation strategies are Delegation and Inheritance . These strategies are further refined in terms of the interaction between classes or the interaction between objects . Linda Marshall Introduction

  13. What are Design Patterns? What is UML? Background Class diagrams and delegation UML diagrams References Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a standard notation for the modelling of real-world objects as a first step in developing an object-oriented design methodology. http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/ Unified-Modeling-Language Linda Marshall Introduction

  14. What are Design Patterns? What is UML? Background Class diagrams and delegation UML diagrams References UML unifies three OO methodologies: OMT - 1991 - James Rumbaugh OOA and OOD - early 1990’s - while Grady Booch worked at Rationale OOSE - 1992 - Ivor Jacobson The ideas of these “Three Amigos” and others, under the sponsorship of Rationale, lead to UML in 1995. UML 2 adapted by OMG in 2005. Linda Marshall Introduction

  15. What are Design Patterns? What is UML? Background Class diagrams and delegation UML diagrams References Linda Marshall Introduction

  16. What are Design Patterns? Class diagram structure What is UML? Associations Class diagrams and delegation Example References Dependency Class diagram is UML structure diagram which shows structure of the designed system at the level of classes and interfaces, shows their features, constraints and relationships - associations, generalisations, dependencies, etc. Linda Marshall Introduction

  17. What are Design Patterns? Class diagram structure What is UML? Associations Class diagrams and delegation Example References Dependency A class is a classifier which describes a set of objects that share the same: features (or members) constraints semantics (meaning) Linda Marshall Introduction

  18. What are Design Patterns? Class diagram structure What is UML? Associations Class diagrams and delegation Example References Dependency Features Features of a class are attributes and operations . Linda Marshall Introduction

  19. What are Design Patterns? Class diagram structure What is UML? Associations Class diagrams and delegation Example References Dependency Features cont. + (public), # (protected) and − (private) are used to specify the visibility of the respective features. Always list features in order from public to private in each of the sections of the class. Linda Marshall Introduction

  20. What are Design Patterns? Class diagram structure What is UML? Associations Class diagrams and delegation Example References Dependency Static members are underlined. Linda Marshall Introduction

  21. What are Design Patterns? Class diagram structure What is UML? Associations Class diagrams and delegation Example References Dependency Linda Marshall Introduction

  22. What are Design Patterns? Class diagram structure What is UML? Associations Class diagrams and delegation Example References Dependency Navigatibility Linda Marshall Introduction

  23. What are Design Patterns? Class diagram structure What is UML? Associations Class diagrams and delegation Example References Dependency Multiplicity Multiplicity Meaning n .. n Exactly n 0 .. n 0 to n 0 .. ∗ 0 or more m .. n At least m and at most n Linda Marshall Introduction

  24. What are Design Patterns? Class diagram structure What is UML? Associations Class diagrams and delegation Example References Dependency Multiplicity cont. Linda Marshall Introduction

  25. What are Design Patterns? Class diagram structure What is UML? Associations Class diagrams and delegation Example References Dependency Linda Marshall Introduction

  26. What are Design Patterns? Class diagram structure What is UML? Associations Class diagrams and delegation Example References Dependency Interface SiteSearch is used (required) by SearchController Linda Marshall Introduction

  27. What are Design Patterns? What is UML? Class diagrams and delegation References http://www.uml-diagrams.org Linda Marshall Introduction

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