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Missing Books of the Bible Introduction 2 3 Syllabus 4 Worksheet for your questions 5 Course Website 6 Scriptures Lost & Found Manuscripts in the News The T ruth behind the Bible Why the Manuscripts Matter

  1. Missing Books 
 of the Bible Introduction 2 3

  2. Syllabus 4 Worksheet for your questions 5 Course Website 6

  3. Scriptures Lost & Found • Manuscripts in the News • The “T ruth” behind the Bible • Why the Manuscripts Matter • The Great Manuscript Discoveries • T echnology & the T exts

  4. Manuscripts in the News Manuscripts in the News Recent Discoveries March 13, 2014 � 7 New Dead Sea Scrolls � Phylacteries from Qumran Cave 4 � � c .100–1 BCE?

  5. Manuscripts in the News Recent Discoveries March 13, 2014 � 7 New Dead Sea Scrolls � Phylacteries from Qumran Cave 4 � � c .100–1 BCE? Manuscripts in the News Recent Discoveries March 13, 2014 � 7 New Dead Sea Scrolls � Phylacteries from Qumran Cave 4 � � c .100–1 BCE? Manuscripts in the News Recent Discoveries September 18, 2012 � Gospel of Jesus’ Wife � Revealed by Harvard gnostic scholar 
 Karen King � � c .100s–200s CE if genuine

  6. Manuscripts in the News Recent Discoveries September 18, 2012 � Gospel of Jesus’ Wife � Revealed by Harvard gnostic scholar 
 Karen King � � c .100s–200s CE if genuine Manuscripts in the News Recent Discoveries March 3, 2011 � The Jesus Tablets � or Jordan Lead Codices � promoted by David Elkington 
 as the earliest Christian texts 
 � � c .30 CE if genuine Manuscripts in the News Recent Discoveries March 3, 2011 � The Jesus Tablets � or Jordan Lead Codices � promoted by David Elkington 
 as the earliest Christian texts 
 � � c .30 CE if genuine

  7. Manuscripts in the News Recent Discoveries July 6, 2008 � The Gabriel Revelation or the Jeselsohn Stone � � Described by paleographer Ada Yardeni as “a Dead Sea Scroll on stone” � � c .50–1 BCE Manuscripts in the News Recent Discoveries July 6, 2008 � The Gabriel Revelation or the Jeselsohn Stone � � Described by paleographer Ada Yardeni as “a Dead Sea Scroll on stone” � � c .50–1 BCE Manuscripts in the News Recent Discoveries May 2006 � The Gospel of Judas � From Codex Tchachos � Featured in a special by 
 National Geographic � � c .200s-300s CE Greek original 160 CE?

  8. Manuscripts in the News Recent Discoveries May 2006 � The Gospel of Judas � From Codex Tchachos � Featured in a special by 
 National Geographic � � c .200s-300s CE Greek original 160 CE? Manuscripts in the News Recent Discoveries May 2006 � The Gospel of Judas � From Codex Tchachos � Featured in a special by 
 National Geographic � � c .200s-300s CE Greek original 160 CE? Manuscripts in the News Recent Discoveries May 2006 � The Gospel of Judas � From Codex Tchachos � Featured in a special by 
 National Geographic � � c .200s-300s CE Greek original 160 CE?

  9. Manuscripts in the News Recent Discoveries May 2006 � The Gospel of Judas � From Codex Tchachos � Featured in a special by 
 National Geographic � � c .200s-300s CE Greek original 160 CE? Manuscripts in the News How the Media Packages Discoveries 14 December 1993

  10. 6 June 1995 30 September 1997 24 August 1999

  11. 11 June 1996 Manuscripts in the News How the Tabloids Package Discoveries • The texts prophesy events now ▪ some catastrophic, others optimistic ▪ sense that the “lost” has been found to help us • Scholars are sometimes quoted ▪ but they’re not always real people ▪ more about giving an impression of legitimacy • Conspiracy theories abound ▪ manuscripts were lost because they threaten someone ▪ and now they could shake everything up! Manuscripts in the News How the Media Packages Discoveries m r e a i n s t m a

  12. Manuscripts in the News How the Media Packages Discoveries m r e a • From science desk, not religion i n s t m a ▪ religion is old, familiar, tired ▪ journalists want scoops, discoveries that subvert familiar beliefs – that’s what science does • The first “frame” is hard to change ▪ “locking in” a particular explanation ▪ understanding subsequent scholarly debates is tough, and scholars don’t make it easier • The need for public interest can promote sensationalizing ▪ giving too much play to marginal views ▪ exacerbating conspiracy theories T abloid or Mainstream? � You be the judge… The Gabriel Revelation or the Jeselsohn Stone � National Geographic TV

  13. The Gabriel Revelation or the Jeselsohn Stone � National Geographic TV Online ad for Smithsonian Channel Program about the Gospel of Jesus’ Wife program pulled when questions surfaced about the papyrus’ authenticity � � Then you’ll see the official video 
 from Harvard Divinity School do you notice any differences? Online ad for Smithsonian Channel Program about the Gospel of Jesus’ Wife program pulled when questions surfaced about the papyrus’ authenticity � Smithsonian Channel

  14. Harvard Divinity School Press Release about the discovery of The Gospel of Jesus’ Wife � Karen King is a faculty member at HDS

  15. The T ruth behind the Bible

  16. “Bible” comes from τα βιβλια = the books Where it comes from…

  17. ≠

  18. TEXT APPARATUS ¡ (annotations) How Scholars Build the Bible • They gather all the available manuscript evidence • They compare every overlapping verse • If verses differ, they have to make a judgment 
 about which version is earliest • They create a composite text verse by verse 
 in the original language • This is translated for readers today • New manuscript discoveries are folded in Eugene Ulrich Chief editor of the biblical DSS mss At work in the scrollery at the Rockefeller Museum, East Jerusalem October 1995 


  19. 4QSamuel a Col. 10 
 (1 Sam 10:27 + addition –11:2) New American Bible 1970 Ulrich Dissertation 1978

  20. New Revised Standard Version 1991

  21. Why the Manuscripts Matter When the 
 When the 
 books of the Bible extant manuscripts 
 were written were copied 1000 BCE Hebrew Bible Torah Prophets Writings 1 BCE / 1 CE 100 273 mss 200 300 400 500 600 1200 CE

  22. When the 
 When the 
 books of the Bible extant manuscripts 
 were written were copied 1000 BCE Hebrew Bible New Testament Torah Prophets Writings DSS Gospels Epistles Acts 1 BCE / 1 CE Revelation 100 5 mostly pOxy fragmentary 200 25 papyri Sinaiticus 300 23 & other major codices Gnostic mss 400 29 500 48 mss 600 129 mss (600-1500 CE) 1200 CE 5000+ total When the 
 The Manuscript Basis 
 books of the Bible of Modern 
 were written Versions 1000 BCE Hebrew Bible New Testament Torah Prophets Writings DSS Gospels Epistles Douay Rheims Acts 1 BCE / 1 CE Revelation (1582) based on the 100 5 Latin Vulgate 200 25 300 23 400 29 500 48 mss 600 129 mss (600-1500 CE) 1200 CE 5000+ total When the 
 The Manuscript Basis 
 books of the Bible of Modern 
 were written Versions 1000 BCE Hebrew Bible New Testament Torah Prophets Writings DSS Gospels Epistles King James Acts 1 BCE / 1 CE Revelation Version 100 (1611) 5 200 25 300 23 400 29 500 48 mss 600 129 mss (600-1500 CE) 1200 CE 5000+ total

  23. When the 
 The Manuscript Basis 
 books of the Bible of Modern 
 were written Versions 1000 BCE Hebrew Bible New Testament Torah Prophets Writings DSS Gospels Epistles Acts Revised 1 BCE / 1 CE Revelation Standard 100 Version 5 (1901) 200 25 300 23 400 29 500 48 mss 600 129 mss (600-1500 CE) 1200 CE 5000+ total When the 
 The Manuscript Basis 
 books of the Bible of Modern 
 were written Versions 1000 BCE Hebrew Bible New Testament Torah Prophets Writings DSS Gospels Epistles Acts New 1 BCE / 1 CE Revelation American 100 Bible 5 (1970) 200 25 300 23 400 29 500 48 mss 600 129 mss (600-1500 CE) 1200 CE 5000+ total When the 
 The Manuscript Basis 
 books of the Bible of Modern 
 were written Versions 1000 BCE Hebrew Bible New Testament Torah Prophets Writings Gospels Epistles Acts 1 BCE / 1 CE Revelation New 100 273 mss 5 Revised Standard 200 25 Version 300 23 (1990) 400 29 500 48 mss 600 129 mss (600-1500 CE) 1200 CE 5000+ total

  24. When the 
 The Manuscript Basis 
 books of the Bible of Modern 
 were written Versions 1000 BCE Hebrew Bible New Testament Torah Prophets Writings Gospels Epistles Acts 1 BCE / 1 CE Revelation New 100 273 mss 5 5 Revised Standard 200 25 21 Version 300 23 12 (1990) 400 29 5 500 6 48 mss 600 1 129 mss (600-1500 CE) 1200 CE 5000+ total

  25. The 
 Great Manuscript Discoveries Great Manuscript Discoveries 
 of the Past T wo Centuries Dead Sea Scrolls (1947-1955) Thousands of parchment and papyrus 
 fragments from almost 900 different 
 manuscripts, including almost every book 
 of the Jewish scriptures, mostly in Hebrew

  26. The Isaiah Scroll from Cave 1 (1QIsa a ) Dead Sea Scrolls Fragments bought from the Bedouin

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