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Introduction Describe a systematic process to determine proactive road safety investments Justifying Road Safety Investments for Implemented in British Columbia by the Insurance Locations Without Collisions By Corporation of BC (ICBC)

  1. Introduction • Describe a systematic process to determine proactive road safety investments Justifying Road Safety Investments for • Implemented in British Columbia by the Insurance Locations Without Collisions By Corporation of BC (ICBC) Quantifying Road Safety Risk • Road Safety in BC 95,000 km 2 – Land Area: – Population: 4.6M Paul de Leur, PhD, P.Eng. – Vehicles: 3.5M – Paved Roads: 25,000 km – Fatal Crashes: 280 per year – Injury Crashes: 13,000 per year XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 1 XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 Introduction Investments in Road Safety • ICBC is a publically run automobile insurance • Important to make wise road safety investment company in the province decisions • Because of the public nature of the organization, – Limited funds available ICBC has a mandate to improve road safety – Maximize impact / effectiveness • Many road safety investments (infrastructure) are – Also good business, as ICBC is a road safety benefactor reactive and made to respond to known safety (reduced crashes = reduced auto insurance claim costs) problems • ICBC’s Road Improvement Program provides funding to road authorities for safety improvements: – a high-crash location • Objective: reduce frequency / severity of collisions – $180M in road safety funding since inception – Demonstrated effectiveness: >4:1 ROI 2 XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 3 XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 Investments in Road Safety Investments in Road Safety • Although effective & necessary, reactive road safety • Recognizing a need to target high-risk, low crash investments can be limiting locations, ICBC’s Road Improvement Program (RIP) developed a process to proactively assess locations – No investment at locations that are high-risk, but do NOT have a significant history of collisions and justify road safety investments – Decisions are based on collision data, which can suffer – The “Proactive Road Safety Program” allows for up to 25% from quality and quantity issues of the total road safety investments to be allocated to ‘proactive’ projects – Difficult to justify investments in VRU interventions due to lack of collision clustering – The program objective is to prevent collisions rather than reduce collisions – May not support the need for regional equity wrt the funding that is available for road safety investments XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 4 5

  2. Road Safety Risk Road Safety Risk • Approach based on the identification, understanding • There are some existing techniques that are available and quantification of road safety risk to evaluate road safety risk • Traffic Conflict Technique: A technique that is based on the concept of near-misses and evasive – Road safety risks are not always evident to the driver manoeuvres – Time to Collision / Risk of Collisions • Road Assessment Programs (RAP): Uses a star-rating – The magnitude of road safety risk system based on roadway characteristics that impact is not always clear safety performance 6 XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 7 XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 Road Safety Risk Road Safety Risk • For our approach, we describe road safety risk as a • Road safety risk is expressed as a function of three function of three fundamental elements: fundamental elements: – 1) Exposure: the exposure to roadway hazards – 2) Probability: probability of encountering roadway hazards • Traffic or road user volumes, V/C ratio, etc. • H/V alignment, cross-section, access density, conflict potential, etc. 8 XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 9 XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 Road Safety Risk Road Safety Risk • Road safety risk is expressed as a function of three • Developed procedures to quantify each element of fundamental elements: road safety risk – 3) Consequence: severity of outcome if hazard • Three risk elements are combined to produce an encountered overall level of risk • Vehicle speed, roadside environment, etc. – Road Safety Risk Index (RSRI) n ∑ E i +P i +C i RSRI Combined = i =1 9(n) – Represents a measure of risk and is independent from historical collision records XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 10 11

  3. Effectiveness of Interventions Effectiveness of Interventions • With RSRI determined, the next step is to evaluate • Collision modification factors (CMFs) used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed interventions intervention effectiveness – Interventions have varying levels of effectiveness – CMFs for BC – More effective interventions should be eligible for a higher – CMF Clearinghouse level of road safety investment – AASHTO Highway Safety Manual – Elvik & Vaa 12 XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 13 XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 Evaluate Road Safety Investment Summary • RSRI is combined with the CMF to produce a • It is important to address known safety problems ‘Proactive Funding Index’ (PFI) – Reactive interventions are effective to reduce collisions at collision ‘hot-spots’ • Level of ICBC • Also possible to make proactive road safety funding based on investments an exponential – Proactive interventions to prevent collisions at high-risk function locations benefiting • Proactive interventions have greater ability to focus projects with a on the needs of VRUs higher PFI 14 XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018 15 XI ICTCT extra Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, March 2018

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