The Aerospace & Defense Forum Dallas-Ft. Worth Chapter April 14, 2016 presented by Kevin D. Mellott president, ERASE Enterprises Introduction � Regarding Terrorism - Let’s Presume You are All Nice People – if so, your perceptions and opinions do not count! � Director Comey, FBI stated that there are open terrorism investigations in 49 out of 50 states � 6 people in USA indicted 2/7/15 for “providing material support and resources to terrorists” � Hundreds of arrests and interventions as well as those plots that were carried out � Killing of Ambassador Christopher Stevens 1
The Aerospace & Defense Forum Dallas-Ft. Worth Chapter April 14, 2016 Terms and Definitions � Section 2656f(d) of Title 22 of the United States Code defines certain key terms used in Section 2656(a) as follows: � (d)… � (1) the term "international terrorism" means terrorism involving citizens or the territory of more than one country; � (2) the term "terrorism" means premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against non-combatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents; and � (3) the term "terrorist group" means any group practicing, or which has significant subgroups which practice, international terrorism. Terms and Definitions � Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) � 1. It must be a foreign organization . � 2. The organization must engage in terrorist activity , as defined in section 212 (a)(3)(B) of the INA (8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(3)(B)), or terrorism , as defined in section 140(d)(2) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 (22 U.S.C. § 2656f(d)(2)), or retain the capability and intent to engage in terrorist activity or terrorism . � 3. The organization’s terrorist activity or terrorism must threaten the security of U.S. nationals or the national security (national defense, foreign relations, or the economic interests) of the United States. 2
The Aerospace & Defense Forum Dallas-Ft. Worth Chapter April 14, 2016 Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTO) � 53 total FTO’s as of January 2015 � There were 37 FTOs in 2005 � Prior to September 11, 2001 there were 29 FTOs � An additional 30 to 40 Terrorist Groups that do not qualify as FTOs � Historically, some become FTOs others do not � Increased success of FTOs spawn more groups � Methods, Motives, and Capabilities Differ FTO / Terrorist Group Motives � Political change / government policy change � Financial � Ideology � Creation of an ethnic state / new government � Religious Cause � Activists � Genocide 3
The Aerospace & Defense Forum Dallas-Ft. Worth Chapter April 14, 2016 Essential Elements of an FTO Finance Recruitment Communications Terrorist Group Command Training & Control Unifying Vision Targets � Directly related to motivation of group � Attacking a Target must create value for FTO � Media Coverage � Elimination of political foes and/or adversaries � Damage to adversary resources � Recruitment of funding and personnel � Supports “Unifying Vision” of organization � Creates panic/fear and a call to change policies � Not always about killing, but collateral death is acceptable to many FTO’s and mandated by others 4
The Aerospace & Defense Forum Dallas-Ft. Worth Chapter April 14, 2016 Terrorism Myths & Misperceptions � Criminals and Terrorists are the same � Not even close! � Criminals are Self Centered-Terrorists are not � Often, the criminal’s family rejects them, the terrorist’s family and friends may be very supportive � Criminals intend to stay alive, not get caught, escape justice, never to be identified – Terrorists are typically committed to the cause and accept the risks of potential harm to themselves � The “Crimes” Code or Penal Code is restricted by jurisdiction and terrorists are not � Terrorists are created due to – � oppression � poverty � desire for self recognition due to unjust actions against them Terrorism Myths & Misperceptions � The Geneva Convention is Applicable � Must be a signer of the convention � If out of uniform you must be “open armed” when taken into custody (not fighting) � Islamic Extremist Lone Wolves exist � Respecting the Culture or Religion will pre-empt the development of terrorists � Only if you submit to or meet their demands � Only if you change your culture or religion � Government, politics, law, and religion are separate elements of a culture / society � Terrorism is a world wide problem � It only impacts societies where a high value is placed on life 5
The Aerospace & Defense Forum Dallas-Ft. Worth Chapter April 14, 2016 The Islamic Extremist Threat � Unique Aspects � Long history � Involves in fighting within the faith � Killing of other believers of Islam � Exponential growth in past ten years � Global threat, not just regional � Largest population of religion is not extremist, but those who are commit continuous and deadly acts � Ultimate Goals � World subjugation to Islam � ISIL – recreation of the last Caliphate (just a starting point) � Methodologies-unlimited FTO Distribution by Motive Chart Title 14 FTO Other 33 FTO Islamic Motives Extremists - 62% 27% 6 FTO Israel- Palestine Conflict 11% 6
The Aerospace & Defense Forum Dallas-Ft. Worth Chapter April 14, 2016 Locations of FTO taken Hostages Western Culture Political Self Religious Self (legal, (beliefs, faith, economic, and common cultural, and community) social systems) Ethnic Self (cultural traditions, appearance, language) 7
The Aerospace & Defense Forum Dallas-Ft. Worth Chapter April 14, 2016 Islamic Religion/Culture/Politics Religious Political Self Self (beliefs, (legal, faith, and economic, common cultural, and communit social systems) y Ethnic Self (cultural traditions, appearance, language) Nation States by Religious Influence Sunni Majority Control Shia Majority Controlled Saudi Arabia Iran Jordan Iraq Syria Bahrain Palestinian Territory Azerbaijan Kuwait Yemen (65% Sunni-Shia Militia Take Over) Qatar Lebanon (Shia 36% / Sunni 22%) Turkey UAE Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt Sudan Afghanistan, Pakistan 8
The Aerospace & Defense Forum Dallas-Ft. Worth Chapter April 14, 2016 Islamic Terrorist Groups Sunni / Shia Influence Sunni Influenced Shia Influenced Al-Qaida Hezbollah ISIL Asaib Ahl al-Haq Hamas Mahdi Army / Promise Day Brigade (Muqtada al Sadr, denounced violence in Feb 2014, stepped down from politics) Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) � Mastery of Technology � Identification and Selection of Appropriate Channels to Communicate their Message � The focus on “sectarian” Syria � Selection of � Disenfranchised individuals seeking “belongingness” (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs) � Individuals who either have no parental oversight or who have family support for concept of jihad � Those who have achieved but still have no standing in the culture / society that they live in � Actions speak louder than words! Call to Jihad! 9
The Aerospace & Defense Forum Dallas-Ft. Worth Chapter April 14, 2016 ISIL Director of Social Media CCA – Caliphate Cyber Army � Focused on raising funds for ISIL to replace lost revenues from oil sales and destroyed cash depots � Primary target are private corporations that operate in Caliphate areas (Turkey all the way to Egypt) � Business Email Compromise � Ransomware � Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks � Theft of valuable intellectual property � Fast technology turn arounds � Defense / Military in nature 10
The Aerospace & Defense Forum Dallas-Ft. Worth Chapter April 14, 2016 Why is the Threat Escalating? � Advancements in Technology � Communications capabilities � Audio and Video production capabilities � Translation capabilities to cross language barriers � Financial tools and systems � Advent of accessible & inexpensive travel � Mastering of Social Media by ISIL � “What are You Waiting For Campaign” � Professionally produced Videos of the Actions of the “Varsity” Team – influx of donations and recruits Things to Watch-Enemy of my Enemy Turkey Hezbollah Iran Jordan (Shia) (Shia) (Sunni) Saudi Arabia (Sunni) Russia UAE (Sunni) Fight Against Syria (sectarian) ISIL Anonymous 11
The Aerospace & Defense Forum Dallas-Ft. Worth Chapter April 14, 2016 Countermeasures-Government � Attack the FTO Essential Elements � ISIL is headquartered in Ar-Raqqah, Syria � We have photographs of their leaders � Penalize all who purchase oil from ISIL � Consider localized EMP strikes on C & C facilities � Get Dr. Shakil Afridi out of Pakistan � Raise the reward values on HVTs � Re-visit NSA domestic intercept program � Engage the leaders of the Islamic Nation States Countermeasures-Government � CyberAttack the ISIL Social Media Division � Anonymous hacked and shutdown Facebook, Twitter, and other social media accounts belonging to ISIL recruiters � If we can identify the server in North Korea that impacted Sony, we can find ISIL � The issue is the required political will power to deal with the countries that house the servers � Remember, the UN is trying to take over the Internet management function from the USA � Evaluate the liability of the ISPs and channels 12
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