Ini$al'Stages'of'Events:'the'Unmarked' Predicates'in'Atayal' - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Ini$al'Stages'of'Events:'the'Unmarked' Predicates'in'Atayal' Sihwei&Chen& University&of&Bri2sh&Columbia ' ' ' AFLA;23,&Tokyo&University&of&Foreign&Studies& June&11,&2016&

Introduc$on' This&paper&addresses&the&aspectual&proper2es&of&unmarked& • predicates&in&Atayal&(Formosan,&Austronesian).& Unmarked)predicates) are&predicates&that&are&only&marked&with& • a&voice&affix,&without&any&aspect&marker.&& & &=& morphologically'aspectually>unmarked'predicates''

Introduc$on' Why&are&unmarked&predicates&interes2ng?&They&appear&to&denote&a&variety& • of&aspectual&interpreta2ons.&& Huang&(1993)&and&Zeitoun&et&al.&(1996)&characterize&unmarked&forms&in& • Atayal&as&allowing&a& past ,&a& present)progressive, &or&a )present)habitual & reading:& & &(1) &a.& &m;ihiy=ku’& &&&&&&& &laqi’.& & & &(Actor&voice)& & & & AV ;beat=1 S . ABS &&& &child& & & &‘I&beat&(past)&a&child.’& & & &‘I&am&bea2ng&a&child.’& & & &‘I&(usually)&beat&child(ren).’&& & & &b. &bhiy;an=mu&&&&&&&&laqi’. &&&&&&&&&& & &(Non;actor&voice)& & & &beat; LV =1 S . ERG &&&child& & & &‘I&beat&(past)&the&child.’&(Wulai&Squliq,&Zeitoun&et&al.&1996:&24;25)&

Introduc$on' (1)&appears&to&suggest&that&unmarked&predicates&cover&both&imperfec2ve& • and&perfec2ve&readings&such&that&they&are& aspectually)underspecified .& They&are&some2mes&referred&to&as&‘neutral&forms’&in&the&literature.&& However,&there&remain&several&empirical&ques2ons:& • &; &What&is&the&aspect&of&the&past&reading?&& &; &Is&the&range&of&readings&available&for&every&lexical&aspectual&class?& &; &Why&is&it&that&the&verb&in&the&non;actor&voice,&unlike&in&the&actor&voice,& & &only&receives&a&past&episodic&reading?&& & As&this&paper&is&concerned&with&aspect,&I&leave&issues&of&temporal& • interpreta2on&aside.& In&this&paper,&I&focus&on&the&episodic&reading&of&unmarked&predicates.& •

Outline' A&preview&of&the&possible&readings&of&unmarked&predicates& • & Diagnos2cs&for&lexical&aspect&in&Atayal& • Tests&for&ini2al&and&final&points&of&events&denoted&by&unmarked& • predicates& Problems&with&(im)perfec2vity&& • Analysis&and&poten2al&alterna2ves& • Conclusions&and&typological&implica2ons& •

Readings'of'unmarked'predicates' Unmarked&predicates&allow&a&habitual&reading:&& • & (2) &lung;un=maku’& &krryax& &i& &yutas.&& &think; PV =1 S . ERG & &oden& & AB s &grandfather& &‘I&oden&miss&my&deceased&grandfather.’&(Wu&2008:&80)& && (3) &m;nbuw&&&sraral&&&&ga&&&&wal=nya’&&&&&&&&&&&lax;an&&&misu&&qani&&la.&&&&&&& & AV ;drink&&&before&& TOP &&& PRF . PFV =3 S . ERG &&quit; LV &&now&&&this&&& PRT & &‘He&used&to&drink&before,&but&he&has&quit&now.’& & Unmarked&predicates,&however,&lack&an&event;in;progress& • interpreta2on&for&the&speakers&that&I&consulted...&&

NO'progressive'reading' In&a&telephone&conversa2on&that&requires&the&progressive&aspect&in& • English,&an&unmarked&even2ve&is&infelicitous:& (4) &Context:& Your)brother)is)calling)to)ask)you)to)pick)him)up.)You)say,)“I) )cannot)come)because)…”) &#&mgluw=sami&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&m;nbuw&&&qwaw&&ki&&&&&&&rangi’=mu.&&&&&& &&&&together. AV =1 P . EXCL . ABS &&& AV ;drink&&&&wine&&&& COM &&friend=1 S . GEN & &&&&&&&&&&&‘I&drank&with&my&friends.’& & An&event;in;process&reading&is&also&absent&in&the&past:& • (5) &kt;an=maku’&&&hya’&&&lga,&&&m;ngilis&&kya&&&&&&hya’&&&&la.& && &see; LV =1 S . ERG &&3 S . N &&& PRT &&&& AV ;cry&&&&&there&&&3 S . N &&&& PRT & && &‘When&I&saw&him,&he&cried.’&/&≠&‘When&I&saw&him,&he&is&crying.& & What&is,&then,&the&episodic&reading&of&unmarked&predicates?&& •

Lexical'aspectual'class'in'Atayal'' There&are&(at&least)&four&lexical&classes:&(i)&ac2vi2es,&(ii)& • accomplishments,&(iii)&achievements,&and&(iv)&states&in&Atayal.& They&can&be&diagnosed&by:& 1. Readings&when&combined&with&the&progressive&aspect;& 2. A&language;specific&construc2on&for&dura2on&of&events;&& 3. Readings&when&combined&with&the&perfect&aspect.& &

1.'Readings'when'combined'with'the'progressive'aspect & ' Ac2vi2es&and&accomplishments&give&rise&to&an&ongoing&reading&with&the&progressive& • aspect& cyux/nyux ;&achievements&and&states&have&a&result;state&reading.& (6) &kt;an=maku’& &hya’&&lga, &&&& nyuw & &m;ngilis&&&la.& & &(Ac2vity)& && &see; LV =1 S . ERG &3 S . N && PRT . TOP &&& PROG . PROX && AV ;cry&&&&&& PRT & && &‘When&I&saw&him,&he&is&crying.’&& & (7) & cuyw =naha&&&&&& &kblay;un&&qu&&&ngasal.& & & & & &(Accomplishment)& & PROG . DIST =3 P . ERG &&&make; PV &&& ABS &&house.& &‘They&are&building&the&house.’& & (8) &p;ringwa’=saku’=nya’&lga, & && & & & & &(Achievement)& & & cyux =saku’ &&&&&&&&&&rima’ &&&tayhuk& &b’bu’&&&&&&&&rgyax&&& &&&&&la.& & & & & & & PROG . DIST =1 S . ABS &&already&&arrive. AV & &summit&&&&mountain&& PRT & &‘When&he&called&me,&I&had&arrived&at&the&summit.’&/&≠&‘….&I&was&arriving&at&the&summit.& & (9) &kt;an=maku’&rimuy&sa&rihay&wayal&lga,& & & & & &(State)& )) )cyux & &&&&&&&&&&krahu’&&&ktu’=nya’&&&&&&&&&la.&&& && & & PROG . DIST &&&&big&&&&&&&&&belly=3 S . ERG &&&&& PRT && &‘When&I&saw&Rimuy&last&week,&she&had&gooen&pregnant.’&/&≠&‘….&she&was&pregnant.’& & Note&that&states,&which&are&ambiguous&b/t&inchoa2ve&and&homogeneous&states&in& • unmarked&forms&(see&below),&are&only&interpreted&as&inchoa2ve&with&the&progressive.&