1 Lighting Stakeholder Meeting Indoor Lighting Controls California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program Heschong Mahone Group, Inc. Clanton & Associates, Inc. Integrated Lighting Concepts, Inc. M.Neils Engineering February 24, 2011 4/27/2010
2 2 CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM Indoor Lighting Controls ● Summary of Code Change Proposals ● Cost Savings Results/Summary ● Summary of Cost Effectiveness ● Specifics of Code Change Proposals CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 2/24/2011
3 CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM Indoor Lighting Controls Summary of Code Change Proposals ● New Power Adjustment Factors for open office lighting controlled by occupancy sensors. Workstations per occupancy sensor 1 2 4 Approx. area per occupancy sensor 125 250 500 (ft²) Calculated lighting energy savings 52% 40% 23% PAFs (tuned down from savings) 0.40 0.30 0.20 ● Reduction in office lighting power densities. ● New requirement for manual (timer) switch in primary sidelit daylit zones <250sf. CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 2/24/2011
4 CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM Indoor Lighting Controls Energy Savings Results — Manual Switch ● Prediction of manual switching behavior from Hunt (1979, 1980). To calculate savings, we took the average daily lighting energy use profile for “all commercial space” from CEUS (Itron 2005) and subtracted out manual switching prediction and “night lighting”. CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 2/24/2011
5 CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM Indoor Lighting Controls Costs — Manual Switch ● The total cost of the measure for a typical space is $82.85. This includes: ● $40 for a timer switch ● $19.50 labor to install timer switch ● $23.35 to add 30’ of wire to supply the switch ● Costs are based on RS Means’ costs for new construction CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 2/24/2011
6 CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM Indoor Lighting Controls Cost Effectiveness Results — manual switch ● The average savings is 17% of the installed load, or 1.05 kWh/sf/yr at 1.0 W/sf. This is equal to TDV $3.11/sf over the 15-year measure life. ● Therefore, for a 100sf private office, the measure would save approximately TDV $311 over its life. ● The measure is cost-effective with a B:C ratio of 3.8. CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 2/24/2011
7 CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM Indoor Lighting Controls Cost Effectiveness Results — occ sensors ● The measure is cost-effective for all control group sizes. 1 Workstation B:C ratio=1.3 ● 2 Workstations B:C ratio=1.9 ● 4 Workstations B:C ratio=2.6 ● Control Group Area TDV of TDV of Size covered by Savings Savings # Occupancy Labor Total Cost of occupancy from PAF, from PAF, workstations Sensor ($) ($) Measure ($) sensor (sf) per sf per sensor 1 $49.91 $66.22 $116.13 125 $1.21 $151.47 2 $49.91 $66.22 $116.13 250 $0.89 $223.65 4 $49.91 $66.22 $116.13 500 $0.59 $296.39 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 2/24/2011
8 CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM Indoor Lighting Controls Energy Savings Results — LPD Reduction ● LPD Calculations based on large office and small office models Lighting Maintained System LPD at 40 fc Power illuminance on efficacy (W/sf) Density desk surface (W/sf per (W/sf) (fc) maintained footcandle) Typical office fixtures, recessed 0.87 43.9 0.0198 0.79 Typical office fixtures, suspended 0.9 42.2 0.0213 0.85 Task Ambient (Recessed Overhead + LED Task) 0.51 + 0.13 40 0.0128(1) 0.51 Task Ambient (Suspended Overhead + LED Task) 0.75 + 0.13 41.1 0.0182(1) 0.73 High Efficiency Recessed 0.52 40.5 0.0128 0.51 High Efficiency Suspended 0.68 42.7 0.0159 0.64 (1). These values are calculated using only the wattage of the ambient (overhead) luminaires, not the task luminaires, since the task luminaire power is exempt from the calculation of actual lighting power density in Title 24 Section 146. CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 2/24/2011
9 CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM Indoor Lighting Controls Energy Savings Results — LPD Reduction ● All six options achieve less than the proposed LPD except the “typical” suspended fixture This fixture type can achieve 38fc at 0.8 W/sf in the prototype space. ● “Real” illuminances depend on space geometry, surface reflectances, and ● luminaire reflector/diffuser options. In practice these factors can be optimized to achieve the required illuminance levels and uniformity. ● Another option for designers who want to make use of higher lighting power densities is to take advantage of power adjustment factors (PAFs), which include: Manual Dimming ● Demand Response ● Proposed additional PAFs for occupancy sensors ● PG&E’s field studies on Task -Ambient lighting (PG&E 2009a, ● 2009b) found that task lighting using conventional (fluorescent) lighting may require up to 0.3 W/sf CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 2/24/2011
10 CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM Indoor Lighting Controls Energy Savings Results — LPD Reduction ● Proposed change to Complete Building LPD for offices Areas based on DEER (Itron 2005, see CASE report) ● Proposed 2013 2008 Area Area Category LPD Category LPD Area Type Area (ft²) % Area (W/ft²) (W/ft²) Conference Room 7,000 4% 1.2 1.2 Copy Room 3,500 2% 0.6 0.6 Corridor 17,500 10% 0.6 0.6 Lobby 8,750 5% 1.1 1.1 Mechanical/Electrical 7,000 4% 0.7 0.7 Private Office 43,750 25% 1.1 1.1 Open Office 78,750 45% 0.9 0.8 Restrooms 8,750 5% 0.6 0.6 Total/Area-weighted 175,000 100% 0.913 0.86 building-level LPD ● The Complete Building Method provides designers with an easier compliance path in return for a slightly lower lighting power density than is allowed under Area Category CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 2/24/2011
11 CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM Indoor Lighting Controls Specifics of Code Change Proposals ● Change to Table 146-F Area Category Method - Lighting Power Density Values > 250 square feet 0.9 0.8 Offices ≤ 250 square feet 1.1 1.0 ● Change to Table 146-E Complete Building Method Lighting Power Density Values Office buildings 0.85 0.8 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 2/24/2011
12 CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM Indoor Lighting Controls Specifics of Code Change Proposals ● Change to Table 146-C Lighting Power Adjustment Factors At least one occupancy sensor 0.4 per 1 to 125 ft² In open plan offices > 250 ft². Occupancy Sensor is At least one occupancy sensor 0.3 Sensors shielded/tuned to per 126 to 250 ft² cover only workstation area. At least one occupancy sensor 0.2 per 251 to 500 ft² CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 2/24/2011
13 CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM Indoor Lighting Controls Specifics of Code Change Proposals ● Addition to Section 131(c) 2 2. Luminaires providing general lighting that are in or are partially in the skylit daylight area and/or the primary sidelit daylight area and which are not controlled by an automatic daylighting control device shall be controlled as follows: A. Primary sidelit and skylit daylight areas shall have at least one manually actuated lighting control that: i. Controls at least 50 percent of the general lighting power in the primary sidelit and skylit daylight areas separately from other lighting in the enclosed space. Controls luminaires in primary sidelit areas separately from skylit areas. ii. Is located within the primary sidelit or skylit area iii. Requires manual actuation at least once every four hours to maintain iv. the lighting in the energized state. CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 2/24/2011
14 CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM Indoor Lighting Controls ? QUESTIONS & COMMENTS CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 2/24/2011
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