Lighting 3 rd lesson Lighting terminology Color Temperature White Balance Contrast Ratio The Standard 3-Point Lighting Technique Types of Lighting Lighting Equipment Lighting Sources Editing Interviews
Vox Vox Pop Time Pop Time Exercise Editing Exercise Editing Now that you already shooted for the vox pop, let’s edit the footage. You have to construct a video of a total maximum 6m just with the essential; Choose the content carefully; Have in mind issues with sound, the person’s face expressions like closing the eyes, opening too much the mouth or other weird body language movements, Camera shaking. Be aware to the content and trim it well!
Common Lighting Terminology Common Lighting Terminology Ambient Light: The light already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is added. Incident Light: Light seen directly from a light source (lamp, sun, etc). Reflected Light: Light seen after having bounced off a surface. Colour Temperature: A standard of measuring the characteristics of light, measured in kelvins. Key Light: The main light on the subject, providing most of the illumination and contrast. Fill Light: A light placed to the side of the subject to fill out shadows and balance the key light. Back Light: A light placed at the rear of a subject to light from behind. Hard Light: Light directly from a source such as the sun.
Soft Light: which appears to "wrap around" the subject to some degree. Produces less shadows or softer shadows. Spot: A controlled, narrowly-focused beam of light. Tungsten: Light from an ordinary light bulb containing a thin coiled tungsten wire that becomes incandescent (emits light) when an electric current is passed along it. Tungsten colour temperature is around 2800K to 3400K. Also known as incandescent light. Ambient Light: Ambient light means the light that is already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is added. It usually refers to natural light, either outdoors or coming through windows etc Unfortunately ambient light can be a real nuisance if it conflicts with what the photographer wants to achieve. For example, ambient light may be the wrong color temperature, intensity or direction for the desired effect. In this case the photographer may choose to block out the ambient light completely and replace it with artificial light. Of course this isn't always practical and sometime compromises must be made.
Colour temperature is a standard method of describing colours for use in a range of situations and with different equipment. Colour temperatures are normally expressed in units called kelvins (K).
Colour Colour Temperature Temperature in in Video Video For video operations the relevant temperatures range from around 2,000K to 8,000K — these are common lighting conditions. In practical terms this usually means selecting lights, gels and filters which are most appropriate to the prevailing light or to create a particular colour effect. For example, a camera operator will select a "5600K filter" to use outside in the middle of a sunny day.
Video Video Camera Camera White White Balance Balance White balance basically means colour balance. It is a function which gives the camera a reference to "true white" — it tells the camera what the colour white looks like, so the camera will record it correctly. Since white light is the sum of all other colours, the camera will then display all colours correctly. Incorrect white balance shows up as pictures with orange or blue tints, as demonstrated by the following examples: 1 2 3 1- Correct colour balance. 2 - Colour balance is too blue. 3 - Colour balance is too yellow.
Most consumer-level camcorders have an "auto-white balance" feature, and this is how most amateurs operate. The camera performs it's own white balance without any input from the operator. In fact, very few home-video users are aware of it's existence. Unfortunately, the auto-white balance is not particularly reliable and it is usually preferable to perform this function manually.
Contrast Contrast Ratio Ratio Contrast Ratio is a measurement of the difference in brightness between the whitest white and the darkest black within an image. A ratio of 300:1 means the brightest point in the image is 300 times as bright as the darkest point. A higher contrast ratio therefore means a larger difference in brightness. Contrast ratio is of interest in two situations: Cameras: When recording an image (video, film, photography) TVs, Monitors, etc. When choosing or setting up a playback device (TV, computer monitor, etc) Video does not cope with extreme contrast as well as film, and nowhere near as well as the human eye. The result of over-contrast is that some parts of the picture will be too bright or too dark to see any detail. For this reason you need to ensure that there is not too much contrast in your shot.
The Standard 3-Point Lighting Technique The Three Point Lighting Technique is a standard method used in visual media such as video, film, still photography and computer-generated imagery. It is a simple but versatile system which forms the basis of most lighting. Once you understand three point lighting you are well on the way to understanding all lighting. The technique uses three lights called the key light, fill light and back light. Naturally you will need three lights to utilise the technique fully, but the principles are still important even if you only use one or two lights. As a rule: If you only have one light, it becomes the key. If you have 2 lights, one is the key and the other is either the fill or the backlight.
This is the main light. It is usually the strongest and has the most influence on the look of the scene. It is placed to one side of the camera/subject so that this side is well lit and the other side has some shadow.
Fill Light This is the secondary light and is placed on the opposite side of the key light. It is used to fill the shadows created by the key. The fill will usually be softer and less bright than the key. To acheive this, you could move the light further away or use some spun. You might also want to set the fill light to more of a flood than the key.
Back Light The back light is placed behind the subject and lights it from the rear. Rather than providing direct lighting (like the key and fill), its purpose is to provide definition and subtle highlights around the subject's outlines. This helps separate the subject from the background and provide a three-dimensional look. If you have a fourth light, you could use it to light the background of the entire scene.
Lighting Equipment Reflector Board: A specially-designed reflective surface used to act as a secondary light source. The board is lightweight and flexible, and is normally folded up for transport in a small carry-case. Gels: Materials which are placed in front of a light source to alter it's characteristics, e.g. colour temperature or dispersion (see diffusion gels). You can buy cheap at Ebay http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/111781220996
Light Sources All video uses some sort of lighting, whether it be natural light (from the sun) or artificial lights. The goal of video lighting is to choose the best source(s) to achieve your goals. First and foremost you need enough light. You must ensure that your camera is able to record an acceptable picture in the conditions. With modern cameras this is seldom a problem except in very low light or strong contrast. Assuming you have enough light, you must then consider the quality of the light and how the various light sources combine to produce the image. If you have clashing light sources (e.g. artificial interior lights with sunlight coming through the windows), you may find the colours in your image appear unnatural. It's best to control the light sources yourself if possible (e.g. turn off the lights or close the curtains). When moving between locations, think about what light source you are using. If you move from an outside setting to an inside one with artificial lights, the amount of light may seem the same but the colour temperature will change according to the type of lights. In this case you need to white balance your camera for the new light source.
Camera-Mounted Lights The camera-mounted light is an easy, versatile solution used by amateurs and professionals alike. Typically the light will draw power from the camera battery, although a separate power supply can be used. Be aware that lights which draw power from the camera battery will significantly shorten the battery's charge time. This type of lighting does not create pleasing effects. it is a "blunt instrument" approach which is really only designed to illuminate the scene enough to allow normal camera operations. However it is a simple, practical solution. Night-Mode Video Shooting Some cameras offer a special "night vision" option which allows you to shoot with virtually no light. This mode uses infrared light instead of normal visible light.
If You Have Your Own Lights You need to decide whether or not they are actually necessary. Although conventional wisdom says you should control interview lighting yourself if possible, in many situations the existing light will be fine and more practical. Shooting outside The weather will obviously influence your decision. If the natural light is sufficient there may be no need to add artificial light. If you do use your own lights you will need to add the appropriate gels to match your lights to the daytime colour temperature. If the sun is too strong you could find a shady location.
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