Implementing Solutions to Air Pollution and Climate Change in Asia: Building Capacities, Strengthening Policies, and Financing Technologies Framing Presentation Eric Zusman Research Director Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES )
Diffusion and Scaling Pilot & Prototype Idea Generation 1. Lack of Finance 2. Fragmented Policy 3. Limited Capacity 2
Asian Co-benefits Partnership • Launched at BAQ conference in 2010 • to enable a variety stakeholders to work together on co-benefits • to support the mainstreaming of co-benefits into decision-making processes in Asia 3 3
Major Functions of ACP • Information sharing and knowledge management • Enhanced communication among ACP members • Support for co-benefits policies and projects in Asia • Strengthening of regional cooperation to promote co-benefits 4 4
Interest in co-benefits focused on GHGs and other development benefits Mitigate Greenhouse Gas • Energy Efficiency Standards • Renewable Portfolio Standards • Public Transport Upgrades Development Co-benefits Economic Environmental Social • Cleaner Technologies • Improved Air Quality • Greater Energy Access • Faster Commutes • Reduced Waste • Enhanced Mobility 5
Interest in co-benefits has grown considerably over the past 10 years 6
New air pollution perspectives on co-benefits also emerge over the past decade 7
Newer Ne er Perspec ectives on Co-benefi fits ts Development Policies Environmental Policies Economic Policies Social Policies Black Carbon Tropospheric Ozone • Reduced Air Pollution • Better Jobs • Greater Energy Access • Improved Public Health • Cleaner Technologies • Enhanced Mobility Climate Co-benefits 8
Viewing co-benefits from other perspectives can also enhance the usefulness of the concept Climate Perspective 9
Air Quality Episodes Have Generated Even Greater Interest in Co-benefits 10
Increa eased ed C Coverage o e of Climate P e Policies es H Have Also Added d Interes est 11 Source: Iacobuta et al. 2018
Rec ecen ent r t repo eport helped u unify views o s on co-ben benefi fits ts: Air Poll llution in in Asia ia and t the P Pacific: Scien ence-Based S Solutions Three main chapters: 1. Why decisive action is needed to combat air pollution in Asia and the Pacific 2. Scenarios & Solutions (GAINS) 3. Closing the implementation gap: bringing clean air to the region English • https://www.unenvironment.org/asia-and-pacific/asia-pacific-clean-air-partnership/25-clean-air-measures Japanese • https://pub.iges.or.jp/pub/solution_report_summary_j 12
Conceptu tual Framework rk Reduce exposure to outdoor and household air pollution Human health Asia-wide application of conventional measures Econ. wealth Next-stage Food Asia-specific measures Ecosystems Measures contributing to Climate development goals 13
25 Clean Air Measures by UNEP in 2019 Potential Contributions of the Measures to Population-weighted mean exposure to PM 2.5 (Source: IIASA 2019) 14 14
The solutions report rt identified in the r report rt fall into o three e main categor ories es NEXT G GENE NERATION A N AIR MEASU ASURES W S WHICH ASI SIA-WID WIDE APPL APPLIC ICATIO ION QUAL ALIT ITY M MEASURES ES T THA HAT CONTRIB IBUTE T E TO OF C F CONVENTIO IONAL AR ARE N NOT Y YET M MAJ AJOR DEVELOPMEN ENT P PRIO IORIT ITIE IES MEASU ASURES COMPO PONENTS O OF F CLEAN WITH TH A AIR QU QUALITY AI AIR P POLIC ICIES IES BENEF EFIT ITS Looking for the measures that lead to the largest reduction in the population exposed to PM2.5 plus methane measures which will reduce tropospheric ozone and HFCs which reduce near-term warming 15
Key question: how can these solutions be implem emen ented ed i in A Asia? NEXT G GENE NERATION A N AIR MEASU ASURES W S WHICH ASI SIA-WID WIDE APPL APPLIC ICATIO ION QUAL ALIT ITY M MEASURES ES T THA HAT CONTRIB IBUTE T E TO OF C F CONVENTIO IONAL AR ARE N NOT Y YET M MAJ AJOR DEVELOPMEN ENT P PRIO IORIT ITIE IES MEASU ASURES COMPO PONENTS O OF F CLEAN WITH TH A AIR QU QUALITY AI AIR P POLIC ICIES IES BENEF EFIT ITS 16
17 Financing Technologies Strengthening Building Policies Capacity
Building C Capacity • Audience: Policymakers, international organizations, and private sector • Evidence-based assessment tools • Institutional and organizational design 18
Financ ncing Techn hnologies • Climate finance: Green Climate Fund; JCM • Development assistance: ADB; JICA; Koica • National accounts and private investment • Blended finance 19
Stren engthen ening P g Policies es • Multi-Solutions Strategies • Enabling Policies • Co-production and Policy Learning 20
Diffusion and Scaling Pilot & Prototype Idea Generation 1. Lack of Finance 2. Fragmented Policy 3. Limited Capacity 21
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