IC ICANN LE LEGIT GITIM IMACY IN INIT ITIAL IAL FIN INDIN INGS OF LEVELS AN AND PATTERN RNS Presentation for GAC 4 November 2019 Hortense Jongen and Jan Aart Scholte University of Gothenburg
PRESENTATI TION OUTL TLINE 1. intro to the study (academic & independent) 2. ICANN’s legitimacy: the outside picture 3. ICANN’s legitimacy: the inside picture 4. what your constituency finds most/least important at ICANN 5. what your constituency thinks ICANN achieves most/least
LEGITIMACY IS IMPORTANT NT: : YOU THINK NK SO Total insiders (unweighted) ICANN board ICANN staff ICANN community Informed outsiders 86,4 83,3 80,6 77,9 71,0 24,2 18,5 16,1 12,1 10,0 6,7 2,6 2,4 1,6 1,6 1,6 0,8 0,8 0,7 0,4 0,4 0,3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NOT AT ALL A LİTTLE MODERATELY QUİTE İMPORTANT EXTREMELY I DO NOT KNOW İMPORTANT İMPORTANT İMPORTANT İMPORTANT
OUR EVIDENC NCE BASE ‘Insiders’ • ICANN board (30, response rate 100%) • ICANN community (305, response rate 41.2%) • ICANN staff/org (132, response rate 72.5%) ‘Outsiders’ • non-ICANN Internet governance (62, response rate 34.4%) • general elites around the world (860, response rate 31.8%) • no public opinion survey (awareness of ICANN too low)
ence in in Glo Global al Gov overnance Ins nstitut utions ns Confiden am among Gen Gener eral al Elit lites es (Mean eans, 0-3 s 3 scale) 2,1 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,7 1,7 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,4 0,8 A P 0 O C F O S C K S N C C N O M N N F K 2 T S S N N C C U T H I N F G A O O I C W A F I A W F N U İ B İ C T T N I U D U U T L T R İ İ T T O S S W N N İ İ L L A A N N O O İ İ T G A E N R
Confidence in Various Internet Governance ce Organizations Co (M (Mean ans, 1-5 5 scale) e) Total insiders (weighted) ICANN board ICANN staff ICANN community Informed outsiders 4,38 4,21 4,14 4,11 4,12 4,10 4,00 3,99 4,00 3,96 3,80 3,54 3,52 3,45 3,28 3,18 3,05 3,02 2,98 2,96 2,89 2,88 2,86 2,71 2,68 2,60 2,58 2,50 2,48 2,46 ITU NATİONAL GOVT IGF ICANN RIRS IETF
ence in in IC ICANN Over erall all (in in %; %; N=527) Confiden Total insiders (unweighted) ICANN board ICANN staff ICANN community Informed outsiders 49,2 46,2 43,4 42,8 39,9 36,8 34,8 32,6 30,0 27,9 23,3 18,9 17,6 9,9 9,8 8,2 6,6 4,9 3,3 3,3 3,0 1,9 1,5 1,6 0,9 1,0 0,8 0 0 0 VERY LOW LOW MODERATE HİGH VERY HİGH I DO NOT KNOW
ence in in IC ICANN Over erall all Confiden (M (Means, s, 1-5 s 5 scale; N= ; N=527) 527) 4,11 4,00 3,54 3,45 3,27 3,18 ICANN STAFF ICANN BOARD ICANN COMMUNİTY TOTAL İNSİDERS GENERAL ELİTES INFORMED (WEİGHTED) OUTSİDERS 1=very lo 1=v low, 2=lo 2=low, 3=m 3=moderate, 4=h 4=hig igh, 5=v 5=very hig igh
Co Confidenc idence in in ICANN by Stak akehold older Gr Grou oup (Mean (M ans, 1-5 5 sc scale ale) Academia Business: DNI Business: Other Civil Society Government Technical Community 4,04 3,79 3,65 3,66 3,63 3,64 3,61 3,61 3,58 3,57 3,56 3,56 3,6 3,49 3,48 3,45 3,44 3,42 3,40 3,39 3,39 3,36 3,30 3,24 CONFİDENCE İN ICANN OVERALL CONFİDENCE İN ICANN BOARD CONFİDENCE İN CONFİDENCE İN ICANN STAFF MULTİSTAKEHOLDER COMMUNİTY
Con Confidence in ICAN CANN by Region on (M (Means, s, 1-5 s 5 scale) 3,83 3,72 3,69 3,60 3,54 3,51 3,46 3,42 3,05 OVERALL RUSSİA AND EUROPE MİDDLE EAST NORTH OCEANİA LATİN AMERİCA SUB-SAHARAN EAST, SOUTH, CENTRAL ASİA AND NORTH AMERİCA AND CARİBBEAN AFRİCA AND SOUTH AFRİCA EAST ASİA
Con Confidence in ICAN CANN by Soc Social Grou oup • almost no variation in average confidence by gender: 3.56 for men and 3.48 for women • little variation by age group, with 0.25 separating the highest (3.66 for 51-60 band) from the lowest (3.41 for under 30s) • native English speakers give lower average confidence (3.43) than persons with medium-to-no English (3.53) • The largest social group variation occurs by race, with lowest average among whites (3.44), middle for black/African descent (3.76) and highest average among Hispanics (4.05)
WHA WHAT PRIN INCIP IPLES YOUR CONSTIT ITUENCY CARES AB ABOUT AT IC ICANN (MEANS, SCALE 1-5) 5) 1. promote technical stability (4.98 – overall 4.87) 2. transparency (4.90 – compared with overall community average 4.86) 3. accountability (4.90 – overall 4.64) 4. promote technical security (4.90 – overall 4.75) 12. promote competition in the DNI (4.06 – overall 3.84) 13. promote human rights in the DNS (3.92 – overall 3.53) 14. promote human rights in ICANN operations (3.81 – overall 3.74) 15. promote democratic values in wider society (3.51 – overall 3.12)
WHAT T PRACTI TICES YOUR CONSTI TITU TUENCY RATE TES AT T ICANN (MEANS, SCALE 1-5) 5) 1. technical stability (4.49 – compared with overall average 4.35) 2. technical security (4.34 – overall 4.19) 3. takes decisions on best available expertise (4.08 – overall 3.62) 4. opportunities for stakeholder participation (3.82 – overall 3.82) 12. promotion of democracy in the DNS (3.32 – overall 3.19) 13. promotion of human rights in ICANN operations (3.32 v. 3.15) 14. promotion of democratic values in wider society (3.12 – overall 2.80) 15. promotion of fair distribution costs and benefits DNI (3.03 v. 2.86)
NE NEXT STEPS • This presentation has only covered descriptives: levels and patterns of legitimacy toward ICANN. • Next we need to develop explanations: what makes the legitimacy beliefs have those levels and patterns? • Drawing on these explanations we could think about what kinds of reforms could raise legitimacy beliefs higher. • If interested we can report on these issues at ICANN67 Cancun.
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