Iakovos V. Yakoumis Barcelona, November 2017 COM OMMER MERCI - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Iakovos V. Yakoumis Barcelona, November 2017

COM OMMER MERCI CIAL AL ACTIV TIVITIE ITIES Commercial activities

COM OMMER MERCI CIAL AL ACTIV TIVITIE ITIES Commercial activities

ON GOING ING EURO ROPEA PEAN N R&I PROJECTS OJECTS Commercial activities The project is being The project is being The project is being The project is being funded under SME funded under SC5-13 funded under H2020- funded under EIT Instrument (Phase call of Horizon 2020. MSCA-RISE-2016 call RAW MATERIALS – II) call of Horizon of Horizon 2020. KAVA CALL 4 http://www.platirus.eu/ 2020.

Share of automotive catalyst to global PGM demand: ▪ Platinum: 40% (i.e. 100 tn/year) ▪ Palladium: 80% (i.e. 200 tn/year) ▪ Rhodium: 90% (i.e. 25 tn/year) Recycling rate (supply from scrap vs total refined supply): ▪ Platinum: 24% ▪ Palladium: 26,3% ▪ Rhodium: 26%

Devices that control the exhaust emissions of an internal combustion engine by converting CO, HC, and NO x to CO 2 , H 2 O and N 2

Ceramic Metallic catalytic converters catalytic converters (90% market) (10% market) Three-Way Catalysts made up of three constituents: • Catalysts support (cordierite honeycomb, metal support) • Wash coating (Al 2 O 3 , BaO, CeO 2 and ZrO 2 ) • Active components (Pt, Pd, Rh)

LEGISLATION:  1960s: A typical car (after 120.000 miles drive) had hydrocarbon emission of 15g/mile  2012: Emission Level is lower than 0.01g/mile 1.500 times less emissions in 50 years

The Platirus project www.platirus.eu PLATInum group metals Recovery Using Secondary raw materials Aim: Reducing the European deficit of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs), by upscaling to industrial relevant levels a novel cost-efficient and miniaturised PGMs recovery and raw material production process Targeted feedstocks: The targeted secondary raw materials will be autocatalysts, electronic waste (WEEE) and tailings and slags from nickel and copper smelters Funding: The PLATIRUS project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under Grant Agreement n° 730224 Duration: From 2016-11-01 to 2020-10-31 Platirus Consortium PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials

The Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) ➢ PGMs comprise 6 chemically very similar elements: ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os) and platinum (Pt); ➢ PGMs are among the least abundant of the Earth's elements and are classified by the EC as critical raw materials (CRMs); ➢ Platinum is the most commercially important of all the PGMs, having the largest range of applications. PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials

Supply, demand and use of PGM- e.g. case of Platinum Platinum market remained in deficit in 2016 despite a significant deterioration in platinum purchasing by Chinese jewellery fabricators Zimbabwe North America Rest of the world (Source: Framepool) PGM usages per industry as in 2010 Source: IPA Source: JM’s report November 2016 Source: JM’s report November 2016 (1moz=28 tonnes) PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials

Forecast Platinum supply and demand Source: Johnson Matthey, Glaux Metal , January 2016 (1moz=28 tonnes) Primary Supply is not forecasted to Supply from recycling is forecasted to increase increase Demand is increasing Deficit is forecasted for the coming years PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials

Supply, demand and use of PGMs- e.g. case of Palladium Similarly- Palladium market remained in deficit in 2016 Source: JM’s report November 2016 Source: JM’s report November 2016 (1moz=28 tonnes) PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials

Importance of PGMs for the EU economy ➢ In 2013 more than 21% of the global demand of Platinum was related to the European market (~50 tonnes- worth more than €1 Billion). Europe is the first consumer of Platinum in industrial products. ➢ Auto catalyst application was estimated to use 41% of EU PGMs in 2014. EU is the highest consumer of platinum and an important consumer of palladium and rhodium for autocatalysts. Source: JM report November 2016 Source: JM report November 2016 Source: JM report November 2016 PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials

Importance of Platinum recovery for the EU economy Source: Monolithos Typically 2 to 5g of platinum per catalyst unit  Typical ores for PGMs contain 10 g PGM/ton ore concentration is more than 2500ppm (~250 times higher than natural ores) PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials

Importance of PGM recovery for the EU economy ➢ There is still an important gap between the amount of PGMs used for autocatalysts every year and the amount of PGMs recovered from autocatalysts. ➢ In the last few years (2012-2016) the amount of platinum recovered globally from autocatalysts is slightly above 1Moz (28 tonnes) per year, while the amount of platinum demand/use globally in autocatalysts per year is often above 3Moz Source : JM Source : JM ➢ If 100% of the platinum available in end-of-life autocatalysts were recovered per year, an additional 2Moz (~50 tonnes) of platinum would be available in the global market which is several times the global supply- demand gap. PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials

CHARACTERIZATIONS • PGM Content (XRF) • Rare Earth Content (ICP) • SEM Images • EDS including mapping • Surface Area (BET) • XRD OTHER CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS (PER CATALYST): • Weight from 1g to 1tn • 750 gr of honeycomb • Particle size <2mm • 30 gr of rare earths • 1.96 gr of noble metals

H2020 SME Instrument (Phase II) project. EC contribution 983,750Euros. Duration 1/8/2017-31/7/2019 (2 years). The project will bring to the market a disruptive innovation , allowing for the first time to substitute up to 60% of PGMs used in autocatalysts with copper nanoparticles, while keeping the same performances and durability.

Specifically the project objectives are : 1. Industrialising production and demonstrate on large scale performances. 2. Substituting 60% of PGMs used in autocatalysts with copper nanoparticles. 3. Decoupling Europe from a Critical Raw Material (PGMs). 4. Boosting European automotive and emission control catalyst markets. Copper costs ~6,800 times less than Platinum (4.5 €/Kg against 30,550 €/Kg) which means that European industries can save almost € 250 mln to be reinvested in RD&I and job growth. 5. Boosting growth worldwide .

RENAULT MEGANE 1.4lt (OBD) 2000 Euro III MINI COOPER 1.6lt 2005 Euro IV FIAT 500, 1.2lt 2009 Euro V/VI

• 100% of the PGM are provided by recycling spent automotive catalytic converters. • Analytical spent automotive catalytic converters samples can be manufactured enabling research and innovation activities in the filed at bigger scales with lower cost. • PGM salts and nitrates can be provided for all kind of applications (jewelry, medical, dental, photovoltaic, etc.). • Polymetallic (Pt, Pd, Rh) Copper Based Nano-Catalytic Washcoat can be produced for all kind of catalytic application (fuel cells, petrochemical, etc.). • Low PGM Copper Based full scale automotive catalysts (containing 50% less PGMs compared to commercial catalysts ) have been manufactured and validated.

Iakovos Yakoumis (yakoumis@monolithos-catalysts.gr) Dr. Amal Siriwardana (Amal.Siriwardana@tecnalia.com) TECNALIA