I ndications of Tourism’ ’s s I ndications of Tourism Contributions to Poverty Contributions to Poverty Alleviation: Alleviation: Some Lessons from Vietnam Some Lessons from Vietnam Douglas Hainsworth Douglas Hainsworth Senior Advisor Senior Advisor Sustainable Pro- -poor Tourism poor Tourism Sustainable Pro SNV Vietnam SNV Vietnam
Presentation Overview: Presentation Overview: • Introduction to • Introduction to SNV SNV’ ’s s interests in Tourism interests in Tourism for Poverty Reduction for Poverty Reduction • Viet Nam Case Study Introduction • Viet Nam Case Study Introduction • Indications and Indicators of Poverty • Indications and Indicators of Poverty Reduction through Tourism Reduction through Tourism
SVN and Sustainable Pro- -poor poor SVN and Sustainable Pro Tourism Tourism • Global • Global Tourism is one of five key practice areas, Tourism is one of five key practice areas, programs in 18 of 30 countries (Latin America, programs in 18 of 30 countries (Latin America, Africa, Asia), 50 advisors Africa, Asia), 50 advisors • Partnership with the WTO on ST • Partnership with the WTO on ST- -EP EP Global MOU Global MOU ST- -EP TA Fund 2 million Euro EP TA Fund 2 million Euro ST • Modality • Modality − TA and capacity building services to Meso − TA and capacity building services to Meso- -level level institutions. institutions. − Not a donor, nor a direct project implementer − Not a donor, nor a direct project implementer
Case Study: Poverty Reduction and Poverty Reduction and Case Study: Cultural Revitalization in Viet Nam Cultural Revitalization in Viet Nam • Direct Clients • Direct Clients The Department of Tourism of Thua Thien Hue The Department of Tourism of Thua Thien Hue Province Province • Target Group • Target Group Rural, Ethnic Minority poor in Northcentral Northcentral Viet Viet Rural, Ethnic Minority poor in Nam Nam Partnering Organizations Partnering Organizations • Youth Union, Nam Dong District People • Youth Union, Nam Dong District People’ ’s s Committee, Hue Tourism College, Dong Kinh Kinh Committee, Hue Tourism College, Dong Tourism Company Tourism Company
Kazan Hamlet , Nam Dong District, , Nam Dong District, Kazan Hamlet Thua Thien Hue Province, Central Vietnam Thua Thien Hue Province, Central Vietnam Description Description Location • • 26 recently resettled 26 recently resettled households households • • Subsistence agricultural Subsistence agricultural activities and extraction activities and extraction of forest resources of forest resources • • Amongst the 10% of the Amongst the 10% of the poorest communes in poorest communes in Vietnam. (about $1/day) Vietnam. (about $1/day) • • Katu ethnic minority Katu ethnic minority group group • • Beautiful natural setting Beautiful natural setting
I ntervention : Objectives : Objectives I ntervention • • Starting Date: February 2004 February 2004 Starting Date: • Key Objectives: • Key Objectives: 1) For our direct clients 1) For our direct clients Provincial Department of Tourism Provincial Department of Tourism Objectives are capacity building and organizational Objectives are capacity building and organizational strengthening for sustainable tourism development strengthening for sustainable tourism development 2) For our target group the rural poor of Kazan hamlet the rural poor of Kazan hamlet 2) For our target group Key objectives include: Key objectives include: • • Increase local income earning opportunities Increase local income earning opportunities • • Cultural revitalization Cultural revitalization • • Increase awareness of sustainability issues related to Increase awareness of sustainability issues related to tourism development, and, tourism development, and, • • Enhanced local governance Enhanced local governance
Formation of Tourism Service Formation of Tourism Service Teams Teams • Based on APPA exercises, expression of local • Based on APPA exercises, expression of local interests, and tourism development potentials interests, and tourism development potentials • Youth Union Members/ Resettled • Youth Union Members/ Resettled HHs HHs • Voluntary Selection • Voluntary Selection = 3 teams were formed = 3 teams were formed • Cultural Team • Cultural Team • Food Service Team • Food Service Team • Waterfall Management Team • Waterfall Management Team
Cultural Performance Team Cultural Performance Team Elders provided training to Youth Union Members Elders provided training to Youth Union Members Spontaneous formation of Children’ ’s Team s Team Spontaneous formation of Children Greeting Visitors Cultural Show
Community Organization and Community Organization and Management Management Community Tourism Management Board Community Tourism Management Board Waterfall Food Service Cultural Team Accountant Village Head woman woman Mgnt. Team Team Cultural Teams Waterfall Mgnt. Team 38 Performers Food Service Team 8 guides (men) 10 (6 women – 4 men) (24 women-12 men) 2 ticket sellers (women) Children’s Team Tourism Service Teams
Community Tourism Community Tourism Management Board Management Board Democratic Election Process: • 9 candidates nominated for 5 positions • Good turn out (98 of 106 HH) • Transparent process
Community Cultural House Community Cultural House 44% from SNV Used for community 30% from District PC meetings and other activities 26% from the Community
Cultural Interactions Cultural Interactions Visitors participating in Sharing in games traditional dance
Benefit Sharing : : Benefit Sharing Cultural Performances Cultural Performances Preformer's Wages 60% Costs 10% Community Fund 28% Management Board 2%
Poverty: Dimensions and and Definitions Definitions Poverty: Dimensions Economic: lack of lack of income and savings income and savings Economic: Social: lack of lack of social capital social capital Social: Cultural: lack of lack of cultural health and identity cultural health and identity Cultural: Environmental: lack of lack of availability and access availability and access Environmental: to natural resources and a clean to natural resources and a clean environment environment Psychological: sense of sense of vulnerability and vulnerability and Psychological: helplessness - - disempowerment disempowerment helplessness
Results to Date: Indications of Results to Date: Indications of Poverty Reduction Poverty Reduction • Diversified local income earning opportunities: • Diversified local income earning opportunities: 58 in a village of 110 HH, gender, youth 58 in a village of 110 HH, gender, youth • Increased market for local products: • Increased market for local products: Value added sales of honey and handicrafts Value added sales of honey and handicrafts • Savings in the Community Fund: • Savings in the Community Fund: Contributions and savings Contributions and savings • Voluntary donations: • Voluntary donations: Non- -monetary monetary – – books, food, clothes books, food, clothes – – Non distributed to the poorest, non- -participating participating HHs HHs distributed to the poorest, non
Results to Date: Indications of Results to Date: Indications of Poverty Reduction continued Poverty Reduction continued • Cultural revitalization: • Cultural revitalization: Cultural activities reestablished, different Cultural activities reestablished, different generations involved, for non- -tourism purposes tourism purposes generations involved, for non • Enhanced local governance capacity: • Enhanced local governance capacity: Processes of democracy and consensus- -based based Processes of democracy and consensus decision making established decision making established • Enhanced community pride and social capital: • Enhanced community pride and social capital: A sense of empowerment created A sense of empowerment created
Lessons to Date: Lessons to Date: Implications for Assessing Tourism’ ’s s Implications for Assessing Tourism Impacts on Poverty Reduction Impacts on Poverty Reduction • • Relationship between tourism and poverty Relationship between tourism and poverty Are often of a highly qualitative, indirect nature – – Are often of a highly qualitative, indirect nature especially with cultural tourism. Still in a learning process especially with cultural tourism. Still in a learning process • • Different dimensions of poverty Different dimensions of poverty Economic, social, cultural, psychological,… … a holistic a holistic Economic, social, cultural, psychological, approach and understanding is needed approach and understanding is needed • • Different perspectives on poverty Different perspectives on poverty Local vs vs external. Learn from the community external. Learn from the community Local Take a positive approach and build on the strengths Take a positive approach and build on the strengths • • Poverty reduction is a process of enhancing choices Poverty reduction is a process of enhancing choices Creating opportunities and the ability for people to Creating opportunities and the ability for people to choose their route out of poverty choose their route out of poverty
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