I I nt ernat ional scient if ic i l i if i co operat ion in at mospheric co-operat ion in at mospheric researches Oksana Tarasova Moscow St at e Universit y, Moscow, Russia & Moscow St at e Un vers t y, Moscow, Russ a & Max-Planck I nst it ut e f or Chemist ry, Mainz, Germany
I nvolvement of Russian (MSU) groups in ( ) g p t he int ernat ional proj ect s Since 1996 – TROI CA proj ect ( TRanscontinental Observations I nto Since 1996 TROI CA proj ect ( TRanscontinental Observations I nto � � the Chemistry of the Atmosphere) 1999-2002 EUROTRAC TOR-2 (Tropospheric Ozone Research – 2 � subproj ect ) subproj ect ) 2002-2004 I NTAS “Spat ial and t emporal variat ions of t ropospheric � ozone and precursors over Russia” 2004-2008 ACCENT proj ect (At mospheric Composit ion Change – t he � European Net work of Excellence), T&TP subproject (Transport and Transf ormation of Pollutants) 2005 - 2008 SCOPE (Scient if ic Co-operat ion wit h East ern Europe) � research proj ect “Variabilit y and long-t erm t rends of t ropospheric ozone: Comparison and int erpret at ion of measurement s of Caucasian and Cent ral European mount ain sit es using a Lagrangian approach” and Cent ral European mount ain sit es using a Lagrangian approach Ot her ongoing act ivit ies •GEOMON •GEOMON •Cooperat ion proj ect s in t he f ramework of FP7
TROI CA project C Coordinat or: Elanksy N. F. Obukhov I nst it ut e of At mospheric Physics of RAS, di t El k N F Ob kh I i f A h i Ph i f RAS Russia www.t roica.ru
Proj ect part icipant s: Proj ect part icipant s: � A. M. Obukhov I nstitute of Atmospheric � A M Obukhov I nstitute of Atmospheric Physics RAS (Russia) � Max Planck I nstitute of Chemistry (Germany) M Pl k I i f Ch i (G ) � Russian Research I nstitute of Railway Transport Russian Research I nstitute of Railway Transport (Russia) � L Y Karpov I nstitute of Physical Chemistry (Russia) � L. Y. Karpov I nstitute of Physical Chemistry (Russia) � Finish Meteorological I nstitute (Finland) � Helsinki University (Finland) � Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory NOAA (USA)
What is TROICA? An international project addressed to study the p j y troposphere composition across Russia- TRanscontinental Observations I nto the Chemistry of the Atmosphere (TROI CA) project (TROI CA) project The main goals: � Observations of atmospheric chemical composition over continent Observations of atmospheric chemical composition over continent � Estimation of natural and anthropogenic emissions of atmospheric constituents � I nvestigations of air quality in dif f erent cities and industrial � I nvestigations of air quality in dif f erent cities and industrial regions � Detection of extreme ecological situations � Validation of models and satellite products � Validation of models and satellite products Advant ages of t he t rain plat f orms -Measurement s are perf ormed in t he boundary layer Measurement s are perf ormed in t he boundary layer -Huge spat ial coverage wit h reasonable expenses Dis d Disadvant age t - Result s present a complex mixt ure of t he spat ial and t emporal variabilit y
Measurement s Measurement s Trace gases (continuous): O 3 , NO, NO 2 , CO, CO 2 , SO 2 , CH4, T ( ti ) O NO NO CO CO SO CH4 NMHC, NH 3 , 222 Rn Aerosols: size distribution (2 nm- 10 mkm), scattering coef f icient, mass concentrations; black carbon Remote sensing: CO (total content) , O 3 (total content and vertical prof iles, 3 ( p , NO 2 (total content , vertical prof iles (0- 45 km), slant abundance at 9 angles f rom each side) Solar radiation: integral UV- A UV- B J(NO 2 ) Solar radiation: integral, UV A, UV B, J(NO 2 ) Meteorology: pressure, temperature, humidity, wind (speed and direction), temperature prof ile (0- 600 m) Sampling: green- house gases and VOC; chemical elements and Sampling: green- house gases and VOC; chemical, elements and morphological composition of aerosol, isotope composition of CO, CO2, CH4( 13 C, 14 C, 18 O, D), Others: navigation parameters (GPS), radionuclide, TV pictures of Oth : i ti m t (GPS) di lid TV i t f surrounding (both sides), TV pictures of cloudiness, samples of water, soil, vegetation
Role of t he proj ect in t he nat ional syst em of t he environment al monit oring syst em of t he environment al monit oring Lovozero Tixi Voeykovo Zvenigorod Obninsk Zotino KHMS Tomsk Mondy
TROI CA missions E Experiment i t W Work period k i d Route R t TROICA-1 1995 Nov 17 – Dec 2 N.Novgorod-Khabarovsk- Moscow TROICA-2 1996 Jul 26 – Aug 13 N.Novgorod-Vladivostok- Moscow TROICA-3 TROICA 3 1997 Apr 1 – Apr 14 1997 Apr 1 Apr 14 N.Novgorod-Khabarovsk- N.Novgorod Khabarovsk Moscow TROICA-4 1998 Feb 17 – Mar 7 N.Novgorod-Khabarovsk- N.Novgorod g TROICA-5 1999 Jun 26 – Jul 13 N.Novgorod-Khabarovsk- Moscow TROICA 6 TROICA-6 2000 Apr 6 – Jun 25 2000 Apr 6 Jun 25 Moscow-Murmansk- Moscow Murmansk Kislovodsk-Murmansk-Moscow TROICA-7 2001 Jun 27 – Jul 10 Moscow-Khabarovsk-Moscow TROICA-8 2004 Mar 19 – Apr 1 Moscow-Khabarovsk-Moscow TROICA-9 2005 Oct 4 – Oct 18 Moscow-Vladivostok-Moscow TROICA 10 2006 Oct 4 TROICA-10 2006 Oct 4 – Oct 7 Moscow megacity Oct 7 Moscow megacity TROICA-11 2007 Jul 22 – Aug 5 Moscow-Vladivostok-Moscow
Spatial distribution of CO, CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations between Moscow and Khabarovsk (10 deg. longitude averaging) Kh b k (10 d l i d i ) Sum Sum m m er(TROICA-5, 7) er (TROICA5, 7) W W inter (TROICA 3, 8) inter(TROICA-3, 8) ppm ppm [CO] [CO] 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 OSCOW GOROD KIROV PERM' NBURG OMSK SIBIRSK OYARSK RKUTSK AN-UDE CHITA AROVSK OSCOW GOROD KIROV PERM' NBURG OMSK SIBIRSK OYARSK RKUTSK AN-UDE CHITA AROVSK N.NOVG EKATERIN N.NOVG EKATERIN MO MO ULA ULA NOVOS NOVOS KRASNO IR KHABA KRASNO IR KHABA ppm ppm 450 450 [CO 2 ] [CO 2 ] 400 400 350 350 300 300 40 60 80 100 120 140 40 60 80 100 120 140 ppm ppm 2.0 2.0 [CH 4 ] [CH 4 ] 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 40 60 80 100 120 140 40 60 80 100 120 140 longitude, deg. longitude, deg.
Average pollut ant s’ concent rat ion in cit ies and t heir suburbs cit ies and t heir suburbs
Tot al concent rat ion of aromat ic hydrocarbons in Moscow region - TROI CA-10 g mkg*m -3
Summary Summary � The mobile carriage- laboratory is the ef f ective tool f or investigation of spatial variations of atmospheric constituents over the continent atmospheric constituents over the continent, their sources and sinks, long- range transport and chemical transf ormation. I t can be a part p of GAW/ WMO network responsible f or observations over vast territories in Eurasia � The mobile laboratory could be used as international laboratory and operate on the international laboratory and operate on the territory of European and Asian countries uniting prof essionals in dif f erent f ields of research and giving training and ecological education f or giving training and ecological education f or students and young scientists.
EUROTRAC Tropospheric Ozone Research (phase 2) Aims of the TOR- 2 subproject is to Aims of the TOR 2 subproject is to Quant if y crucial processes in t he at mosphere in order t o improve t he scient if ic background f or t he development of ef f ect -based cont rol st rat egies f or phot ochemical oxidant s over Europe st rat egies f or phot ochemical oxidant s over Europe. More specif ically t he proj ect will f ocus on t he f ollowing aims: More specif ically t he proj ect will f ocus on t he f ollowing aims: •evaluat e t he long t erm t rends in ozone, oxidant s and precursors in relat ion t o t he changes in emissions over Europe occurring af t er 1980 f or various part s of Europe; part s of Europe; •est imat e t he ef f ect of ozone exchange bet ween t he at mospheric boundary layer and t he f ree t roposphere over Europe during various met eorological condit ions; t l i l dit i •isolat e and quant if y t he chemical and physical mechanisms of t he spring ozone maximum in t erms of t he dif f ering spat ial and t emporal scales in t he t roposphere. •improve t he underst anding of ozone climat ology in East ern Europe.
EUROTRAC Tropospheric Ozone Research (phase 2) Main conclusions on t rends: � Observations in polluted areas show a substantial decrease p in NMVOC and CO (-35/ -50% ), and NOx(-20/ -40% ) levels over the last 10-15 years. � For traffic there is an excellent agreement with emission � For traffic there is an excellent agreement with emission trends. � Ozone peak values have been decreasing significantly over the last 10 years while background ozone and low ozone the last 10 years, while background ozone and low ozone values in polluted areas have increased. � There is strong evidence, that the lower percentiles in the ozone values in polluted areas have increased, in particular l i ll t d h i d i ti l during winter.
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