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How the body How the body responds to responds to infection - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 17, 2024 •201 likes •438 views

How the body How the body responds to responds to infection infection Primary lymphoid organs Infectious agents Infectious agents Viruses Viruses Bacteria Bacteria Fungi Fungi Protozoa Protozoa Worms Worms Neutrophils

  1. How the body How the body responds to responds to infection infection

  2. Primary lymphoid organs

  4. Infectious agents Infectious agents • Viruses Viruses • Bacteria Bacteria • Fungi Fungi • Protozoa Protozoa • Worms Worms

  5. Neutrophils Eosinophils PMN/ Basophils Granulocytes Mast cells Myeloid Monocytes/ Macrophages Dendritic cells Mononuclear cells NK cells Lymphoid CD8 + Tc lymphocytes CD4 + Th lymphocytes B lymphocytes

  6. Anti-microbial • Antibodies / immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD) • Pentraxins (eg. C-reactive protein) • Collectins (eg. mannan-binding lectin) • Complement proteins • Defensins • Lytic enzymes • Interferons • Cytotoxins (perforins, granzymes) Regulatory / inflammatory • Cytokines (eg. interleukins, interferons, tumour necrosis factors) • Chemokines • Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, etc. (products of arachidonic acid) • Histamine

  8. Neutrophils Eosinophils PMN/ Basophils Granulocytes Mast cells Myeloid Innate Monocytes/ Macrophages Dendritic cells Mononuclear cells NK cells Lymphoid CD8 + Tc lymphocytes CD4 + Th lymphocytes Adaptive B lymphocytes

  9. eg. eg. macrophages macrophages PRR PRR PAMP PAMP

  10. eg. eg. Antigen Antigen B lymphocytes B lymphocytes receptor receptor Antigen Antigen

  11. Stages of a primary immune response. 1) Epithelial barrier. 2) Immediate local response (innate): complement proteins macrophages 3) Early induced response (innate/ inflammatory): inflammatory mediators from complement, macrophages, mast cells - attract leucocytes and serum proteins (more complement)

  12. 4) Later adaptive response: antigen carriage by dendritic cells to lymphoid tissue activation of specific T and B lymphocytes and Ab production recirculation to site of infection Following primary infection: - Memory T and B cells give faster and bigger responses on second exposure to the same infection (in stage 4 above).

  16. Allergic rhinitis - Allergic rhinitis - eg eg. . hayfever hayfever

  17. Contact dermatitis - Contact dermatitis - eg eg. nickel allergy . nickel allergy

  19. Autoimmune Autoimmune thyroiditis thyroiditis

  20. Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis

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