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“Housekeeping” Twitter: # ACMLearning • Welcome to today’s ACM Learning Webinar , “Current Trends in High Performance Computing and Challenges for the Future” with Jack Dongarra. The presentation starts at the top of the hour and lasts 60 minutes. Slides will advance automatically throughout the event. You can resize the slide area as well as other windows by dragging the bottom right corner of the slide window, as well as move them around the screen. On the bottom panel you’ll find a number of widgets, including Twitter, Sharing, and Wikipedia apps. • I f you are experiencing any problem s w ith audio or video, refresh your console by pressing the F5 key on your keyboard in Windows, Com m and + R if on a Mac, or refresh your browser if you’re on a mobile device; or close and re-launch the presentation. You can also view the Webcast Help Guide, by clicking on the “Help” widget in the bottom dock. • To control volume, adjust the master volume on your computer. If the volume is still too low, use headphones. • If you think of a question during the presentation, please type it into the Q&A box and click on the submit button. You do not need to wait until the end of the presentation to begin submitting questions. • At the end of the presentation, you’ll see a survey open in your browser. Please take a minute to fill it out to help us improve your next webinar experience. • You can download a copy of these slides by clicking on the Resources widget in the bottom dock. • This session is being recorded and will be archived for on-demand viewing in the next 1-2 days. You will receive an automatic email notification when it is available, and check http: / / learning.acm.org/ in a few days for updates. And check out http: / / learning.acm.org/ webinar for archived recordings of past webcasts.
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Current Trends in High Performance Computing and Challenges for the Future Jack Dongarra University of Tennessee Oak Ridge National Laboratory University of Manchester 2/7/2017 5
Outline • Overview of High Performance Computing • Directions for the Future 6
S imulation: The Third Pillar of S cience • Traditional scientific and engineering paradigms: 1) Do theory or paper design. 2) Perform experiments or build physical system. • Limitations: Too difficult -- build large wind tunnels. Too expensive -- build a throw-away passenger jet. Too slow -- wait for climate or galactic evolution. Too dangerous -- weapons, drug design, climate experimentation . • Computational science paradigm: 3) Use high performance computer systems to simulate the phenomenon • Base on known physical laws and efficient numerical methods. 7
Wide Range of Applications that Depend on HPC is Incredibly Broad and Diverse • Airplane wing design, • Quantum chemistry, • Geophysical flows, • Noise reduction, • Diffusion of solid bodies in a liquid, • Computational materials research, • Weather forecasting, • Deep learning in neural networks, • S tochastic simulation, • Massively parallel data mining, 8 • …
S tate of S upercomputing in 2017 Pflops (> 10 15 Flop/s) computing fully established with • 117 computer systems. • Three technology architecture or “swim lanes” are thriving. • Commodity (e.g. Intel) • Commodity + accelerator (e.g. GPUs) (88 systems) • Lightweight cores (e.g. IBM BG, ARM, Intel’s Knights Landing) • Interest in supercomputing is now worldwide, and growing in many new markets (~50% of Top500 computers are in industry) . Exascale (10 18 Flop/s) projects exist in many countries • and regions. • Intel processors largest share, 92% , followed by AMD, 1% . 9
H. Meuer, H. Simon, E. Strohmaier, & JD - Listing of the 500 most powerful Computers in the World - Yardstick: Rmax from LINPACK MPP Ax=b, dense problem TPP performance Rate - Updated twice a year Size SC‘xy in the States in November Meeting in Germany in June - All data available from www.top500.org 10
Performance Development of HPC over the Last 24 Years from the Top500 SUM 672 PFlop/s 1 Eflop/s 1E+09 N=1 100 Pflop/ s 100000000 93 PFlop/s 10 Pflop/ s 10000000 1 Pflop/s 1000000 N=500 100 Tflop/ s 349 TFlop/s 100000 10 Tflop/ s 10000 1 Tflop/s 1000 1.17 TFlop/s My Laptop: 70 Gflop/s 100 Gflop/ s 100 59.7 GFlop/s 10 Gflop/ s 10 My iPhone & iPad: 4 Gflop/s 1 Gflop/s 1 400 MFlop/s 100 Mflop/ s 0.1 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
PERFORMANCE DEVELOPMENT 1E+09 1 Eflop/s N=1 100000000 100 Pflop/ s 10 Pflop/ s 10000000 N=10 1 Pflop/s 1000000 SUM N=100 100 Tflop/ s 100000 10 Tflop/ s 10000 1 Tflop/s 1000 100 Gflop/ s 100 10 Gflop/ s 10 1 Gflop/s 1 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Tflops (10 12 ) Pflops (10 15 ) Eflops (10 18 ) Achieved Achieved Achieved? ASCI Red RoadRunner 12 China says 2020 Sandia NL Los Alamos NL U.S. says 2021
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