History of electric Types of systems Propulsion basics - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

• History of electric • Types of systems • Propulsion basics • Electronics basics Guemes Island ferry planned ‐ Crosscut.com

The ICE is melting… Internal Combustion Engine ICE Electric Steam “ 90 ‐ year gap ” “ 90 ‐ year gap ” Electric 2050 2050 1800 1800 1850 1850 1900 1900 1950 1950 2000 2000 ELCO stops electric pleasure boats p p ELCO Electric Launch Company 8 charging stations on Thames E ‐ boat English Channel crossing 8 hrs, both ways Popularization of E launches Popularization of E ‐ launches Jacobi, Russia: 14 passenger –E ‐ boat ‐ 3 mph Data from Wikipedia and Elco website Photo: Tad Pfeffer/Extreme Ice Survey

Electric promises lower impact to Electric promises lower impact to self and others: • No CO warning sticker No CO warning sticker • No bilge buzzer • No plume of diesel smoke in the marina • Clean engine compartment and topsides Clean engine compartment and topsides • Charging happens at your slip and under ‐ way • Great control ‐ no stalling at low speeds • Simpler to use and maintain • Simpler to use and maintain • Quiet ‐ low vibration • Odorless • Renewable energy • Renewable energy

Integrated outboards outboards • Simple to use • Simple to use • Light weight ‐ portable • Cost competitive with gasoline p g • dinghies thru 2 ton boats • Range is expandable • Small size = easy to charge S ll i t h

Non ‐ integrated outboards: outboards: • More customized installation • More customizable range and • More customizable range and power • Charge options more limited by size by size • For applications where weight not an issue. • Larger boats g • Variable efficiency • Requires engineering and installation • Range can be upgraded later.

inboard all ‐ electric • Up to 60 miles range Torqeedo.com • Control, environmental and sensorial benefits compared to ICE. • Charge options limited by size • Charge options limited by size • Competitive purchase cost • Greater weight ‐ balance trim • User ‐ friendly controls • Can be upgraded: more batteries, generator or solar generator or solar. Elco.com

Inboard gas Inboard gas ‐ electric hybrid • Extended cruising. • Don’t mind extra $ for a dual system. system. Torqeedo.com • Power and range similar to ICE. • Looses some environmental Looses some environmental and operating cost benefits of EP • Weight + ‐ depending.

How to make sense of E propulsion? How to make sense of E propulsion? Output power Output power Input power voltage thrust thrust displacement Propulsion? Propulsion? Sh ft Shaft power

How to make sense of propulsion? How to make sense of propulsion? The system The boat Speed / range Output power Input power Voltage Current Cost Displacement (drag x speed) (efficiency) Capacity Hull params Hull params RPM (s) RPM (s) Pitch Diameter Loop until satisfied

Thrust at speed… Speed / range Output power Input power Voltage Displacement Current Cost Hull params Hull params (drag x speed) (drag x speed) (efficiency) (efficiency) Capacity Capacity • Catalina 30, Catalina 30, Data thanks to lbf Data thanks to quirement), l James Lambden, www.electricboatdesign.com ag (thrust req POWER required = Drag (thrust) x speed Drag (thrust) x speed Dra knots

Definitions and system types Speed / range Output power Input power Voltage Displacement Current Cost Hull params Hull params (thrust x speed) (thrust x speed) (efficiency) (efficiency) Capacity Capacity E overall = Eprop x Ebattery x Emotor x Egear x Ewiring x Echarging Component efficiencies 99% 99% 98% 98% 98% 98% 90% 85% 75% 60% 60% Typical 33% gasoline or g diesel conversion Overall propeller battery motor gear reduction controller wiring charger

Sizing g Speed / range Output power Input power Voltage Di Displacement l C Current C Cost vs Hull params (drag x speed) (efficiency) Capacity efficiency watts input tons 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 EP Carry 0.25 … Torqeedo 0.5 66 Oceanvolt 3.5 8.5 … … Electric Yacht 5 30 … Elco 4 40 Efficiency Power (W)

Propeller and motor matching Propeller Diameter Effect on Thrust, 40 watts input 0 atts put 6.0 5.0 4.0 t s u r 3 0 3.0 h h t b l 2.0 • All motors have their efficient RPM 1.0 operation range. 0.0 5 5 7 7 9 9 11 11 13 13 15 15 17 17 • Larger diameters , higher pitch and propeller diameter, inches slower rotation lower blade area. • Gearing matches motor to propeller.

Batteries 50 Ah battery 100 Ah lead acid battery 110 100 90 90 % battery capacity 80 70 60 50 40 30 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Amp draw A lead acid 100 AH battery will lose 50% of its capacity at 40 amps draw. (when new). A lead acid 100 AH battery will lose 50% of its capacity at 40 amps draw (when new) • • A 48Ah LiFePO4 will lose about 5 ‐ 8 % at 40 amp draw. • Choice of battery affects range, speed etc. • A Lead acid system can be upgraded to one of these in the future.

Volts, Amps, Watts, Horsepower Motor • Volts, V • Amps, A Amps, A system t • Power = V x A, Watts, W Amps • Amp capacity = A x time, Amp hours, Ah • Energy = V x A x time , Watt hours, Wh volts + ‐ + ‐ + ‐ 1kW motor system battery battery battery • Volts: 3 battery system = 12v x 3 = 36 Volts • Amps: 0 to 28 Amps depending on throttle • Power: 0 to 36 x 28 = 1000 Watts depending on throttle • Amp capacity: Each battery (idealized) can provide 4 amps for 20 hours = 80 Ah • Energy: Ah x Volts = 80 Ah x 36V = 2880Wh

Review generator/ shore solar / power wind… throttle charger controller gear battery bank electric motor reduction

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