BEYOND INFRASTRUCTURE: PRESENTATION OVERVIEW Washington State DOT’s Introduction: The Transportation ‐ Energy Imperative Public/Private Partnership for the I-5 Electric Highway Project 1 Electric Vehicle Basics 2 Why DOTs Should Help Transition Vehicles to the Jeff Doyle Director of Public/Private Partnerships p Electric Power Grid Electric Power Grid Paula Hammond David Dye 3 WSDOT’s West Coast Green Highway Initiative Secretary Deputy Secretary/COO 4 Supportive State Actions Presented to SSTI Community of Practice, September 22 ‐ 24, 2010 Minneapolis, Minnesota INTRODUCTION: THE TRANSPORTATION ‐ ENERGY IMPERATIVE INTRODUCTION: THE TRANSPORTATION ‐ ENERGY IMPERATIVE Economic Costs of Oil Dependence: U.S. oil dependence weakens our national security, threatens our economy, and degrades the environment. • Every recession over the past 35 years has been preceded by – or occurred concurrent with – an oil price spike. National Security Costs of Oil Dependence: • Economic dislocation: when oil prices fluctuate, long ‐ term • As the largest consumers of oil in the world, the U.S. bears the budgeting and investment is difficult for households and burden of securing global supply lines and infrastructure using burden of securing global supply lines and infrastructure, using businesses, and economic activity is significantly curtailed. military force if required. Annual cost : $67.5 billion to $83 billion per year. • American diplomacy is distorted by our Insert: graphic, Econ Cst of US Oil Dependence need to minimize disruptions to the flow of oil, constraining our foreign policy options on uranium enrichment, hostile regimes and humanitarian issues. INTRODUCTION: THE TRANSPORTATION ‐ ENERGY IMPERATIVE INTRODUCTION: THE TRANSPORTATION ‐ ENERGY IMPERATIVE Economic Costs of Oil Dependence: Environmental Costs of Oil Dependence: • Every recession over the past 35 years has been preceded by – or • The transportation sector is the single largest end ‐ use emitter of occurred concurrent with – an oil price spike. carbon dioxide in the U.S (34 percent of total CO2 emissions). • Economic dislocation: when oil prices fluctuate, long ‐ term • To reach a 450 ppm Co2 stabilization target, by 2030 more than budgeting and investment is difficult for households and 60 percent of new vehicle sales must be electric drive 60 percent of new vehicle sales must be electric drive. businesses, and economic activity is significantly curtailed. 1
9/30/2010 INTRODUCTION: THE TRANSPORTATION ‐ ENERGY IMPERATIVE ELECTRIC VEHICLE BASICS Environmental Costs of Oil Dependence: Electric Vehicle Characteristics: • Total domestic emissions from petroleum were 2,580 million metric tons (43 percent of total emissions). 70 percent of this is • Instant and smooth acceleration from transportation. • Quiet (inside and out) • Minimal maintenance • Passenger and light ‐ duty vehicles constitute 62 percent of the • Efficient energy usage transportation sector’s GHG emissions transportation sector s GHG emissions. • Zero tail ‐ pipe emissions U.S. Co2 emissions, by sector (2007) ELECTRIC VEHICLE BASICS ELECTRIC VEHICLE BASICS Electric Vehicles: Battery Electric (BEV) vs. Plug ‐ in Hybrid (PHEV) Electric Vehicle Models 120 Chevrolet 100 80 Example: Nissan LEAF Example: Chevy Volt 60 • All Electric Range: 60 ‐ 200 Miles, • Battery Electric plus ICE range extender depending on battery size • 10 ‐ 40 mi all ‐ electric, 200 ‐ 300 mi gas 40 • Level 1 (120 v), Level 2 (240 v) and • Level 1 (120v) and Level 2 (240v) optional Fast ‐ Charging (480v) Charging 20 • Target markets: • Target Market: all automotive – Urban Commuters 0 applications 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 – Second Car in Every Home – Eventually: all ‐ purpose ELECTRIC VEHICLE BASICS ELECTRIC VEHICLE BASICS Nissan LEAF Range and Vehicle Efficiency Fuel Source: Electric Power Grid Grid ‐ Enabled Vehicle System Architecture Speed and Outside Accessories Estimated Vehicle Driving Conditions Temp (F) Range (mi) Efficiency (mi/kWh)* 68 o Cruising 38 mph None 138 5.75 77 o Fairly steady 24 mph None 105 4.38 City traffic 95 o Steady 55 mph A/C on 70 2.91 Highway 14 o Crawling 15 mph Heater on 62 2.60 Stop ‐ and ‐ go 86 o Average 6 mph A/C on 47 1.96 Heavy stop ‐ and ‐ go Nissan LEAF has a 24 kWh battery Source: “Nissan Agrees ‐ EV Mileage Will Vary; Leaf Tests Show 91 ‐ Mile Variation.” Green Car Advisor – edmunds.com. June 15, 2010. 2
9/30/2010 ELECTRIC VEHICLE BASICS ELECTRIC VEHICLE BASICS Fuel Source: Electric Power Grid Fuel Source: Electric Power Grid Advantages: Managed Charging Reduces Costs and Risks to Utilities • Network infrastructure already • Diverse and domestic in place • Prices are stable Projected grid Impacts of 2 million electric vehicles • Electric miles cheaper than gas • Substantial spare capacity Israel Electric Additional Additional Additional Total Cost • Electric miles are cleaner than gas Co. (2008) Generation Transmission Distribution • 65 percent of present U.S. light ‐ • 65 percent of present U S light Unmanaged 2,345 MW 1 switching station 2,158 km cables $4,586M duty vehicles could be powered by Charging 10 substations existing off ‐ peak generating 18 transformers capacity Off-Peak 1,770 MW 1 switching station 1,581 km cables $3,414M 7 substations Incentives 13 transformers Managed None None 287 km cables $471M Charging ELECTRIC VEHICLE BASICS ELECTRIC VEHICLE BASICS Charging Infrastructure Charging Infrastructure • Level 2 charging (SAE 1772) will be the majority of charging both at home and Level 1 and Level 2 Charging Equipment and Stations in public and will be used by all OEMs for both electric and plug ‐ in vehicles. • DC Fast ‐ charge (Level 3) is more expensive, but delivers higher performance. IMPORTANCE TO STATE DOTs IMPORTANCE TO STATE DOTs GHG emissions from Washington State’s transportation sector Within the next 30 years, the central Puget Sound region is expected (47%) are nearly double the national figures. to grow by 1.5 million people – increasing travel demand by 40%. Puget Sound region population and employment forecasts, 2040. 3
9/30/2010 IMPORTANCE TO STATE DOTs WSDOT’s WEST COAST GREEN HIGHWAY INITIATIVE In spite of these ominous forecasts, Washington’s transportation West Coast Green Highway Initiative: public/private partnerships to system must meet stringent state laws for GHG and VMT reduction. promote sustainable transportation solutions in the I ‐ 5 corridor, “BC ‐ to ‐ Baja” GHG Reduction Targets: VMT Reduction Targets:* • To 1990 levels by 2020 • By 2020, decrease by 18% • To 25 percent below 1990 • By 2035, decrease by 30% • Alternative Fuels Pilot Project levels by 2035 • I ‐ 5 Electric Highway • By 2050, decrease by 50% • To 50 percent below 1990 • NewMobility HUBs levels by 2050 • Solar and Wind Highway Facilities *Statewide annual per capita VMT reductions, all fuel types. WSDOT’s WEST COAST GREEN HIGHWAY INITIATIVE WSDOT’s WEST COAST GREEN HIGHWAY INITIATIVE Leveraging $20 million federal investment in the Puget Sound region WSDOT’s I ‐ 5 Electric Highway “ This ‘green freeway’ you're planning…would link your states • $230 million total with a network of – $115 million US DOE rest stops that allow you to do allow you to do contract contract more than just • 8,300 Electric Vehicles grab a cup of • 15,000 charging stations coffee, but also • 16 metro areas in six states charge your car. President Barack Obama Goal: 1 million electric vehicles by 2015 ‐ President Barack Obama 3/19/2009 WSDOT’s WEST COAST GREEN HIGHWAY INITIATIVE WSDOT’s WEST COAST GREEN HIGHWAY INITIATIVE WSDOT’s I ‐ 5 Electric Highway Project I ‐ 5 Electric Highway Partnership Approach • Identifying Recharge Zones • Develop safety net of EV Fast ‐ Charging stations • Finding Business Partners to Serve as Host throughout I ‐ 5 Corridor Sites • Selecting Contractor through Competitive • Seek partnerships with retail businesses located in Process Process critical recharge zones iti l h • Coordinate EV infrastructure investments with other planned investments in Puget Sound Region • Collaborate with Oregon and California on joint EV infrastructure development and funding 4
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