HFES Public Outreach Webinar Series
HFES Public Outreach Webinar Series • Organized by the Outreach Division • Complimentary for all attendees • Purpose: To promote the human factors/ergonomics field to members and nonmembers • Four webinars planned for 2018: health care (held on March 19), cybersecurity, sit/stand workstations, and robotics/exoskeletons • Complements the HFES Webinar series for members. See upcoming and past webinars at http://bit.ly/HFESWebinars
HFES Webinar FAQs 1. There are no CEUs for this webinar. 2. This webinar is being recorded. HFES will post links to the recording and presentation slides on the HFES Web site within 3-5 business days. Watch your e-mail for a message containing the links. 3. Listen over your speakers or via the telephone. If you are listening over your speakers, make sure your speaker volume is turned on in your operating system and your speakers are turned on. 4. All attendees are muted. Only the presenters can be heard. 5. At any time during the webinar, you can submit questions using the Q&A panel. The moderator will read the questions following the last presentation. 6. Trouble navigating in Zoom? Type a question into Chat. HFES staff will attempt to help. 7. HFES cannot resolve technical issues related to the webinar service. If you have trouble connecting or hearing the audio, click the “Support” link at www.zoom.us.
About the Presenters Gary C. Kessler, PhD, is a professor of cybersecurity and chair of the Security Studies & International Affairs Department at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Florida. His research interests are in digital forensics and cybersecurity, particularly related to aviation and maritime. Gary holds degrees in mathematics, computer science, and computing technology in education, and is a Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP). Robert R. Hoffman, PhD, is a recognized world leader in cognitive systems engineering and human- centered computing. He is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science, a Fellow of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, a Senior Member of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics and Engineers, and a Fulbright Scholar. Since receiving his PhD from Colorado State University under Ben Clegg and Christopher Wickens in 2014 , Robert Gutzwiller has accumulated extensive research experience in human systems engineering while working for the U.S. Navy. As of Fall 2018, he will be joining the faculty at Arizona State University in Mesa. Robert’s research focuses on attention modeling, human-automation interaction, and defensive cyberspace operations. Andrew R. Dattel, PhD, is an assistant professor, School of Graduate Studies, and director of the Cognitive Engineering Research in Transportation Systems Lab at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.
Human Factors and the Computer Interface: Does Easier to Use Improve Understanding? Gary C. Kessler, Ph.D., CISSP, CCE Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University July 2018
Human Factors and Computers • Human factor concepts have been integral to computers since the 1950s • Languages designed to be "human readable" • WIMP interface and GUIs started to appear experimentally in the 1970s and commercially in the 1980s (c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 1
COBOL and "Manager Readability" • COBOL is the mother of cross-platform software • Designed to be "human readable" • Does readable make it understandable? (c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 2
The WIMP Interface • Windows, icons, menus (mouse), pointer (pull- down menu) • Developed at Xerox PARC for Xerox Alto (1973) • First seen commercially in Xerox Star (1981) • Popularized by Apple Macintosh (1984) • Improved human-computer interface (HCI) by creating real-world analogies (e.g., desktop, files, folders, trash) • Designed for non-technical users (c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 3
(c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 4
Do Users Understand Computers? • All major OSes today have a GUI interface • Apple Mac OS X, Linux X-Windows, Microsoft Windows • GUIs allowed more people to use computers even if they didn't have a priori knowledge of how computers work - Is this why so many people have problems understanding even the most rudimentary error message? (c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 5
Leonard: Something’s wrong, I’m not getting any gas. Anybody know anything about internal combustion engines? Sheldon: Of course. Raj: Very basic. Howard: 19th-century technology. Leonard: Does anybody know how to fix an internal combustion engine? Sheldon: No. Howard: No, not a clue. Big Bang Theory (c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 6 Series 04 Episode 19 – The Zarnecki Incursion
PCs Made Us All Security Managers • Since the advent of PCs, home computers, BBSes, home networks, Internet access to the masses, cable modem/DSL access... • ... mobile devices that are portable Internet terminals and replacing desktop systems... • Every user has become an information security and cyberdefense manager • For which they have no training, insufficient tools, and inadequate knowledge (c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 7
Security Tools and Interfaces • Users have been told to install anti-virus and anti- malware software on their systems, and firewalls on their networks • Once installed, can they be reliably configured? (c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 8
Do GUIs Help With Understanding? (c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 9
(c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 10
Does Visualization Add Meaning? • Do users understand visual output from security software and security Web sites? • Do pretty pictures have credibility? • Do pictures tell a (useful) story? • Do pictures accurately tell the story that the viewer thinks they tell? - Do they accurately tell the story that the designer thinks they tell? (c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 11
(c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 12
CyberWar Map (c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 13 National Security Archive
Do Users Understand Emerging Technologies? • Our favorite emerging buzzwords • Artificial Intelligence • Machine Learning Albert Einstein • Data Science • Virtual Reality • Augmented Reality • Blockchain • Does better access to data help us understand it or exacerbate H. L. Mencken what we don't understand? (c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 14
Do Users Understand the Implications? Artificial intelligence and cybersecurity: The real deal How Will Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Impact Cyber Security? How AI will underpin cyber security in the next few years AI a threat to cyber security, warns report AI and Machine Learning in Cyber Security What Zen Teaches About Insights (c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 15 All headlines since 09/2017
For my birthday I got a humidifier and a de-humidifier... I put them in the same room and let them fight it out. Steven Wright (c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 16
Speaker Contact Information Gary C. Kessler, Ph.D., CCE, CISSP Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach, Florida, USA 32174 mobile: +1 802-238-8913 office: +1 386-226-7947 e-mail: gary.kessler@erau.edu gck@garykessler.net Skype: gary.c.kessler https://www.garykessler.net (c) Gary C. Kessler, 2018 17
Hu Human Factors and Cy Cybe berwork: Op Opportunities and Challenges Robert Hoffman Institute for Human and Machine Cognition HFES Webinar July 2018
Hu Human Factors in Cy Cybe berwork Definition: Keeping computer networks operational and trustworthy Seat at the Table? Milliseconds versus months Adversaries, hacks and deceptions Macrocognitive work system Designer-Centered Design is driving the Tech Work analysis and design Task analysis at a fine grain Usefulness, usability, understandability Workforce/Training Issues (lotsa novices!) Expertise Proficiency Scaling
Hu Human Factors in Cy Cybe berwork Moving Target Issues Scale and tempo Adaptive adversaries Need for human-centered (or work-centered) support tools for network mapping, netflow monitoring, network analysis, and malware detection
Hu Human Factors in Cy Cybe berwork Dissolving Traditional Distinctions Need for Accelerated Technology Transition Specification of Requirements versus Elicitation of “Desirements” Integration of Training, Experimentation and Operations Usability, Learnability Observability
Hu Human Factors in Cy Cybe berwork Teaming Issues Cyberwork is teamwork Numerous Roles (intelligence support, host analysis, network analysis; Linux, Windows, etc.) Roles are highly inter-dependent Shared understanding, shared information Resource/manpower Issues Training issues
Pr Primary Tasks Network Maintenance/Analysis Vulnerability Analysis/Assurance Mission Support Intrusion Detection Incident Response (“Hasty” Mission) Readiness Assessment (preparing for the future) Deliberate Mission (Pre-positioning for possible incident)
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