Health Impacts of Climate Change Michael Greenstone 3M Professor of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Health Impacts of Climate Change Michael Greenstone 3M Professor of Environmental Economics MIT February 2008

Variations in global surface temperature for the past 140 years

Expected impact on global climate • Change in global surface • Change in global mean sea temperature level Source: Hadley Centre (UK) Model 3 – A1F1

Expected impact on U.S. climate 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2120 Year Average Daily Mean Temperature (Annual) Poly. (Average Daily Mean Temperature (Annual)) Source: Author’s Calculations From National Center for Atmospheric Research, Community Climate System Model (CCSM) 3 A2

Distribution of Annual Daily Mean Temperatures (F), 1968-2002 40 30 20 10 0 <0 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 80-85 85-90 >90 Daily Mean Temperatures Days Per Year Note: Population-weighted average over all counties

Changes in Distribution of Daily Temperatures Under Hadley 3 A1FI and CCSM 3, A2 50 40 30 20 10 0 <0 0-5 5- 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 80- 85- >90 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 -10 -20 Change in Distribution of Annual Daily Mean Temperatures (F) CCSM 3, A2 Scenario Hadley 3, A1F1 Scenario

Estimated Response Function Between Daily Temperature and Mortality: Females 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 <0 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 80-85 85-90 >90 Impact of a Day in 20 Daily Mean Temperature (F) Bins on Annual Female Mortality Rate, Relative to a Day in the 65° - 70° F Bin Annual Deaths Per 100,000 Poly. (Annual Deaths Per 100,000) Note: Population-weighted sum of age-specific response functions

Predicted change in annual female and male mortality 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 <0 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 80-85 85-90 >90 -2,000 -4,000 Daily Mean Temperature (F) Change in Annual Male Mortality Change in Annual Female Mortality

Estimated Response Function Between Daily Temperature and Residential Energy Consumption 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 -0.05 <0 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 80-85 85-90 >90 Impact of a Day in 20 Daily Mean Temperature (F) Bins on Annual Residential Energy Consumption, Relative to a Day in the 65° - 70° F Bin Quadrillions of BTUs Poly. (Quadrillions of BTUs)

Predicted change in annual residential energy consumption 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 <0 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 80-85 85-90 >90 -1.0 Daily Mean Temperature (F) Quad BTU

Conclusions 1. Under “Business as Usual”, the World Will Become Much Hotter 2. Health Impacts in US Likely to be Small Due to Adaptation/Self-Protection (Energy Consumption) 3. Mortality Impacts Substantial in India (and Probably Other Developing Countries)