Slide 1 / 99 Slide 2 / 99 5th Grade Earth Materials and Systems 2015-08-28 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 99 Slide 4 / 99 Table of Contents: Earth's Materials and Systems Click on the topic to go to that section Geosphere · Geosphere · Atmosphere · Hydrosphere · Biosphere - Earth's Connected Systems Return to Table of Contents Slide 5 / 99 Slide 6 / 99
Slide 7 / 99 Slide 8 / 99 The Formation of Earth - A Snowball Effect Our Rocky Planet Earth, like some other Rocky planets: Imagine making a snowman on a cold winter day... planets in our solar system, Mercury is composed of rock. Venus Earth What other planets are Mars considered rocky planets? (move the picture of Earth What starts as a small snowball grows larger as you roll it and it for the answer) collects more snow particles. Eventually, you end up with the base of your snowman! Our planet formed over billions of years as small pieces of rock (called asteroids) collided and combined. Slide 9 / 99 Slide 10 / 99 Snowball Effect The Makeup of Earth Just like with a snowball, when Earth formed, the newer particles formed new outer layers. This means that the oldest material can be found in the very center .. in this case, the Inner Core! As Earth grew larger, what happened to the force of gravity on the planet? This also caused the pressure to increase as well and different layers started to form. Slide 11 / 99 Slide 12 / 99 The Layers of Earth 1 Which layer of Earth would be considered the oldest? Each layer has distinct characteristics that we will see in the upcoming slides. The layers are as follows: A Crust Crust B Mantle C Mantle Outer Core D Inner Core Outer Core Inner Core
Slide 12 (Answer) / 99 Slide 13 / 99 Earth's Crust 1 Which layer of Earth would be considered the oldest? Even though there are 4 distinct layers of Earth, the crust is the only one that can be seen! It is the land that we walk on and that makes up the ocean floor. A Crust Answer B D Mantle The crust is the outermost layer of Earth, much like the crust of a slice C Outer Core of bread or pizza. D Inner Core [This object is a pull tab] Just like these examples, the crust of Earth is also the thinnest portion. Slide 14 / 99 Slide 15 / 99 The Makeup of Earth's Crust Mantle The crust of Earth consists of a shell called the geosphere . The Go a little deeper into Earth and you will reach the mantle . geosphere is made up of many large chunks of crust, called plates , that fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. These plates are in Mantle Mantle Facts: constant motion. Volcanos Earthquakes Thickest layer of the Earth (nearly In what ways can we see Tsunamis 3,000 km) evidence of this Mountains Made up of "semi-solid" rock (think movement? Discuss this at of Jell-O or pudding!) your table. Most massive layer ( 2 / 3 of Earth's When you are done, move mass) the map to reveal the answer. Slide 16 / 99 Slide 17 / 99 The Outer and Inner Core 2 Which layer of Earth is the mantle? Outer Core Inner Core A Only liquid layer of Earth Solid B Made of iron and nickel Made of iron and nickel C Hottest layer and under the most pressure Outer Core D About as hot as the Sun's surface (5,400 o C) Inner Core
Slide 17 (Answer) / 99 Slide 18 / 99 2 Which layer of Earth is the mantle? 3 The outer core, although rock, is liquid. True A False Answer B B C D [This object is a pull tab] Slide 18 (Answer) / 99 Slide 19 / 99 3 The outer core, although rock, is liquid. 4 The surface of the Earth called the ___________ is made up of large ___________ that fit together like a jigsaw puzzle forming the crust. True A Mantle & Pieces False Answer B Pieces & Geosphere True C Outer Core & Plates D Crust & Plates [This object is a pull tab] Slide 19 (Answer) / 99 Slide 20 / 99 What Makes Up the Layers? 4 The surface of the Earth called the ___________ is made up of large ___________ that fit together As stated before, our Earth is made up primarily of rock. like a jigsaw puzzle forming the crust. We typically imagine rocks in this form... A Mantle & Pieces Pieces & Geosphere B Answer D C Outer Core & Plates D Crust & Plates ...but the truth is that rock comes in many different shapes, sizes, phases and colors. [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 21 / 99 Slide 22 / 99 Rocks in Different Forms 5 This layer (or layers) of Earth is made up of solid rock. The rocks that make up Earth can take the form of solids, liquids and semi-solids. Some rocks can be cold (like a pebble found on the playground) and some can be so hot that it melts into lava or magma! A Crust B Mantle C Outer Core This image is of lava that has erupted from a volcano. D Inner Core Lava is incredibly hot rock that has melted. You can see that as the lava cools down, it begins to turn back into a solid. Slide 22 (Answer) / 99 Slide 23 / 99 5 This layer (or layers) of Earth is made up of solid 6 This layer (or layers) of Earth is made up of liquid rock. rock. A Crust A Crust Answer B Mantle B Mantle A and D C Outer Core C Outer Core D Inner Core D Inner Core [This object is a pull tab] Slide 23 (Answer) / 99 Slide 24 / 99 6 This layer (or layers) of Earth is made up of liquid 7 This layer (or layers) of Earth is made up of rock. semisolid rock. A Crust A Crust B Mantle B Mantle Answer C Outer Core C C Outer Core D Inner Core D Inner Core [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 24 (Answer) / 99 Slide 25 / 99 Soil 7 This layer (or layers) of Earth is made up of semisolid rock. Life on Earth relies on a layer of the geosphere called soil . Soil is the top-most layer of Earth in which plants grow. It is made up of mixture of organic remains (objects that once were living things), clay, A Crust and rock particles. Answer B Mantle B C Outer Core Without the soil in the geosphere, there D Inner Core would be no biosphere , which we will discover in the [This object is a pull next section! tab] Slide 26 / 99 Slide 27 / 99 Sediments Similar but Different Also scattered about the geosphere are depositions of Soil and sediments are often found mixed together or layered sediments. These deposits can take on many different forms. on top of each other. Think about how they are similar and how What sediments can you think of in your environment? they are different. Similar - both contain rock particles Different - soil contains organic matter, water and air. Slide 28 / 99 Slide 28 (Answer) / 99 8 Which of the following choices is NOT considered a 8 Which of the following choices is NOT considered a part of the soil? part of the soil? A Magma A Magma Answer B Rock Particles B Rock Particles A C Clay C Clay D Organic Material D Organic Material [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 29 / 99 Slide 30 / 99 Atmosphere Return to Table of Contents Slide 31 / 99 Slide 32 / 99 Layers of the Atmosphere Air Just like the geosphere, the atmosphere is also divided into layers. As you get higher in the atmosphere, the amount of pressure and The common name for the temperature decreases. gases in our atmosphere is air . Air mainly consists of Nitrogen (78%) and Oxygen (21%) as well as some water vapor and other elements. There is an easy way to remember this using your hand. There is roughly four times as much Nitrogen as there is Oxygen in the air. Slide 33 / 99 Slide 34 / 99 9 Earth's atmosphere is primarily made up of which Importance of Air two gases? (choose 2) Air is one of the primary things that makes life on Earth possible. Humans and many other animals breathe air. Plants also need the A Oxygen carbon dioxide that is in air to go through photosynthesis , which we have learned about previously. B Nitrogen C Carbon Dioxide Carbon D Water Vapor 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen Dioxide Carbon Dioxide
Slide 34 (Answer) / 99 Slide 35 / 99 9 Earth's atmosphere is primarily made up of which 10 Which layer of Earth's Atmosphere do we live in? two gases? (choose 2) A Oxygen A Stratosphere B Nitrogen B Troposphere Answer A and B C Carbon Dioxide C Mesosphere D Water Vapor D Exosphere [This object is a pull tab] Slide 35 (Answer) / 99 Slide 36 / 99 Science Job: Meteorologist 10 Which layer of Earth's Atmosphere do we live in? The study of Earth’s atmosphere is called meteorology . You A Stratosphere are likely to see a meteorologist on the nightly news. B Troposphere Answer B C Mesosphere Meteorologists compare temperature readings, winds, D Exosphere pressure in the atmosphere, precipitation (rain/snow) patterns, and other variables [This object is a pull to predict the weather. tab] Slide 37 / 99 Slide 38 / 99 Wind and Clouds Rain Shadow Effect As clouds are pushed upwards the moisture condenses and Winds and clouds in the atmosphere interact with the landform to is released as precipitation. The clouds release all their determine weather patterns. precipitation creating a rain shadow on the opposite slope. Lifting occurs when mountains push the air upwards. Taller mountains push the air high enough to where the air reaches it saturation point and then precipitates.
Recommend
More recommend
