Slide 1 / 99 Slide 2 / 99 5 th Grade PSI Earth Materials and Systems www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 99 Slide 4 / 99 Table of Contents: Earth's Materials and Systems Click on the topic to go to that section Geosphere · Geosphere · Atmosphere · Hydrosphere · Biosphere - Earth's Connected Systems Return to Table of Contents Slide 5 / 99 Slide 6 / 99 Earth Earth Systems: Geosphere Earth itself is not alive. However, Earth is made up of four major systems that make it the only planet in our solar system that supports life. If there is life on other planets, we haven't found evidence of it yet. The geosphere is the system that includes the rocks, minerals and landforms that shape Earth. The prefix geo- means "earth". Geosphere Geosphere
Slide 7 / 99 Slide 8 / 99 The Formation of Earth - A Snowball Effect Our Rocky Planet Earth, like some other Rocky planets: Imagine making a snowman on a cold winter day... planets in our solar system, Mercury is composed of rock. Venus Earth What other planets are Mars considered rocky planets? (move the picture of Earth What starts as a small snowball grows larger as you roll it and it for the answer) collects more snow particles. Eventually, you end up with the base of your snowman! Our planet formed over billions of years as small pieces of rock (called asteroids) collided and combined. Slide 9 / 99 Slide 10 / 99 Snowball Effect The Makeup of Earth Just like with a snowball, when Earth formed, the newer particles formed new outer layers. This means that the oldest material can be found in the very center .. in this case, the Inner Core! As Earth grew larger, what happened to the force of gravity on the planet? This also caused the pressure to increase as well and different layers started to form. Slide 11 / 99 Slide 12 / 99 The Layers of Earth 1 Which layer of Earth would be considered the oldest? Each layer has distinct characteristics that we will see in the upcoming slides. The layers are as follows: A Crust Answer Crust B Mantle C Mantle Outer Core D Inner Core Outer Core Inner Core
Slide 13 / 99 Slide 14 / 99 The Makeup of Earth's Crust Earth's Crust The crust of Earth consists of a shell called the geosphere . The Even though there are 4 distinct layers of Earth, the crust is the geosphere is made up of many large chunks of crust, called plates , only one that can be seen! It is the land that we walk on and that that fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. makes up the ocean floor. These plates are in constant motion. Volcanos The crust is the outermost layer of Earthquakes Earth, much like the crust of a slice In what ways can we see Tsunamis of bread or pizza. evidence of this Mountains movement? Discuss this at your table. Just like these examples, the crust of Earth is also the thinnest portion. When you are done, move the map to reveal the answer. Slide 15 / 99 Slide 16 / 99 Mantle The Outer and Inner Core Go a little deeper into Earth and you will reach the mantle . Outer Core Inner Core Only liquid layer of Earth Solid Mantle Mantle Facts: Made of iron and nickel Made of iron and nickel Thickest layer of the Earth (nearly Hottest layer and under the 3,000 km) most pressure Outer Core Made up of "semi-solid" rock (think About as hot as the Sun's of Jell-O or pudding!) surface (5,400 o C) Most massive layer ( 2 / 3 of Earth's Inner Core mass) Slide 17 / 99 Slide 18 / 99 2 Which layer of Earth is the mantle? 3 The outer core, although rock, is liquid. True A False Answer Answer B C D
Slide 19 / 99 Slide 20 / 99 What Makes Up the Layers? 4 The surface of the Earth called the ___________ is made up of large ___________ that fit together As stated before, our Earth is made up primarily of rock. like a jigsaw puzzle forming the crust. We typically imagine rocks in this form... Mantle & Pieces A B Pieces & Geosphere Answer Outer Core & Plates C D Crust & Plates ...but the truth is that rock comes in many different shapes, sizes, phases and colors. Slide 21 / 99 Slide 22 / 99 Rocks in Different Forms 5 This layer (or layers) of Earth is made up of solid rock. The rocks that make up Earth can take the form of solids, liquids and semi-solids. Some rocks can be cold (like a pebble found on the playground) and some can be so hot that it melts into lava or magma! A Crust Answer B Mantle C Outer Core This image is of lava that has erupted from a volcano. D Inner Core Lava is incredibly hot rock that has melted. You can see that as the lava cools down, it begins to turn back into a solid. Slide 23 / 99 Slide 24 / 99 6 This layer (or layers) of Earth is made up of liquid 7 This layer (or layers) of Earth is made up of rock. semisolid rock. A Crust A Crust Answer B Mantle B Mantle Answer C Outer Core C Outer Core D Inner Core D Inner Core
Slide 25 / 99 Slide 26 / 99 Soil Sediments Life on Earth relies on a layer of the geosphere called soil . Soil is the Also scattered about the geosphere are depositions of top-most layer of Earth in which plants grow. It is made up of mixture sediments. These deposits can take on many different forms. of organic remains (objects that once were living things), clay, What sediments can you think of in your environment? and rock particles. Without the soil in the geosphere, there would be no biosphere , which we will discover in the next section! Slide 27 / 99 Slide 28 / 99 Similar but Different 8 Which of the following choices is NOT considered a part of the soil? Soil and sediments are often found mixed together or layered on top of each other. Think about how they are similar and how they are different. A Magma Answer B Rock Particles C Clay Similar - both contain rock particles D Organic Material Different - soil contains organic matter, water and air. Slide 29 / 99 Slide 30 / 99 Atmosphere The atmosphere is a mixture of gases Atmosphere surrounding Earth. What prevents the gases from escaping to space? Geosphere The prefix "atmo-" comes from a Greek word meaning "gas" or "vapor". Return to Table of Contents
Slide 31 / 99 Slide 32 / 99 Layers of the Atmosphere Air Just like the geosphere, the atmosphere is also divided into layers. As you get higher in the atmosphere, the amount of pressure and The common name for the temperature decreases. gases in our atmosphere is air . Air mainly consists of Nitrogen (78%) and Oxygen (21%) as well as some water vapor and other elements. There is an easy way to remember this using your hand. There is roughly four times as much Nitrogen as there is Oxygen in the air. Slide 33 / 99 Slide 34 / 99 9 Earth's atmosphere is primarily made up of which Importance of Air two gases? (choose 2) Air is one of the primary things that makes life on Earth possible. Humans and many other animals breathe air. Plants also need the A Oxygen carbon dioxide that is in air to go through photosynthesis , B Nitrogen which we have learned about previously. Answer C Carbon Dioxide Carbon D Water Vapor 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen Dioxide Carbon Dioxide Slide 35 / 99 Slide 36 / 99 Science Job: Meteorologist 10 Which layer of Earth's Atmosphere do we live in? The study of Earth’s atmosphere is called meteorology . You A Stratosphere are likely to see a meteorologist on the nightly news. Answer B Troposphere C Mesosphere Meteorologists compare temperature readings, winds, D Exosphere pressure in the atmosphere, precipitation (rain/snow) patterns, and other variables to predict the weather.
Slide 37 / 99 Slide 38 / 99 Wind and Clouds Rain Shadow Effect As clouds are pushed upwards the moisture condenses and Winds and clouds in the atmosphere interact with the landform to is released as precipitation. The clouds release all their determine weather patterns. precipitation creating a rain shadow on the opposite slope. Lifting occurs when mountains push the air upwards. Taller mountains push the air high enough to where the air reaches it saturation point and then precipitates. Slide 39 / 99 Slide 40 / 99 Wind Funnel 11 Landforms can impact the weather and Just as mountains can force wind and clouds upwards, they also climate. funnel the wind. Wind that encounters a blockage moves through the path of least resistance. Wind funnels often see high speed winds. True Answer False Slide 41 / 99 Slide 42 / 99 Ozone Layer 12 Location 4 on the map is an example of which of the following? Another important gas in our atmosphere (although there isn't very much of it) is ozone . Ozone (O 3 ) is found mainly in a layer of the atmosphere called the ozone layer . The ozone layer starts about 9 miles (14.5 km) above Earth's surface. Answer O A Lifting O O Landform Breeze B C Rain shadow Effect Wind Funnel D An Ozone molecule (O 3 )
Recommend
More recommend
