Functional fruit foods for managing airway inflammation and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Functional fruit foods for managing airway inflammation and protection from pollution Dr Odette Shaw, Food & Wellness, Plant & Food Research Host Institution

Problem with Pollution » Air quality/pollution a growing world concern – Difficult to contain – Seasonal effects » Air pollution results in the release of – Heavy metals – Fine and ultra fine particles – Aromatic hydrocarbons – Other organic and inorganic irritants – Ozone, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide gases We expect to see brands addressing anti-pollution and product claims (Mintel 2015)

‘Pollution Protection’ » Air pollution linked to 3.7M deaths ― 88% deaths in low/middle income countries ― 60% of China had ‘very poor’ air quality ― 38% Chinese worried about respiratory illness ― SE Asia & Western Pacific countries very affected » Air pollution increases burden of chronic & acute diseases: Asthma, COPD, lung infections, Export to the Asian market a key target - pneumonia, stroke, heart attacks consumer awareness of the importance of immunity high - revenue projected to increase to US$522.8M in 2018

Airway inflammation » Inhalation of airborne hazards results in: – immune cell activation & infiltration – increased mucous and cytokine production – oedema, swelling, fibrosis/scarring – Chronic inflammation – tissue damage/loss of function » Penetrance of particles deep into the lung and potential entry into blood stream – Act as a site for fibrosis formation – Systemic effects

Role of food » Epidemiological evidence that, in general, diets high in fruits/vegetables prevent or reduce disease impact – Cancer, heart disease, immune system function » Clinical studies have reported improved asthma outcomes and reduction of age related lung function decline with diets high in fruits/vegetables

Preclinical model of chronic allergic inflammation 2 Ongoing inflammation » Cells » Blood Intervention » Tissue » Proteins Establish Chronic inflammation Intervention 1 3 Outcome 4

Berry consumption reduced airways inflammation… OVA + Berry Berry Alone

…Through decreased cell infiltration & increased anti-inflammatory protein production Eosinophils OVA – + + – Berry Berry – – + + iNOS Arginase β -actin Arginase iNOS OVA – + + – OVA – + + – Berry Berry – – + + Berry – – + +

And reduced lung fibrosis… Naive OVA OVA – + + – Berry – – + + Berry Alone OVA + Berry Treatment

… By increasing MMP-9 production BoysB – – + + MMP-9 TIMP-1 β -actin OVA – + + – OVA – + + Berry – – + + Berry – – + MMP-9 Merge CD206 OVA OVA + Berry

Future work -Where we’re going » Can we identify food products that offer protection against air pollution-induced lung inflammation? – How will we determine protection? – What is the mechanism behind the protection? – What are the active compounds? » And can we create food product/s that has benefit to people living in a polluted environment? – That consumers and industry will want and use

How we will achieve our goals – preclinical models in development Inhaled pollutants » DEP –heavy metals, PAH » Urban particulate matter » Ultra fine particles (pm>4um) Acute and Chronic (repeated exposures) Outcome measures Co-morbidities » Measures that translate » HDM –asthma into the human setting » Dysbiosis – » Airway resistance/compliance antibiotic use » Cellular infiltration » Bacterial or viral infection » local effects » Cytokine production » systemic effects Using the information from these models identify lead food products for clinical studies

Acknowledgements » Roger Hurst » MBIE programme ‘Fruits for Inappropriate » Elizabeth Forbes-Blom Inflammation’ » Jacquie Harper C11X1002 » Greg Sawyer » NZ Berry Industries