The seventh GEOSS Asia-Pacific Symposium 27 May 2014, Tokyo, Japan From Hyogo Framework Action 2 to Post-MDGs/SDGs Kenichiro Tachi Senior Deputy Director, International Affairs Office, Water and Disaster Management Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
2014 : A Critical year for Global “ Water and Disaster Risk Reduction ” Policy Post-2015 Development Framework 1. Post-2015 Millennium Development Goals (Post-2015 MDGs ) 2. Sustainable Development Goals ( SDGs ) 3. Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction ( HFA2 ) 1
Road to Post-2015 Development Framework Post-2015 HFA2 SDGs MDGs May 2013 May 2013 June 2012 Rio + 20 Global Platform 2013 High Level Panel Report (UN Conference on Sustainable Development) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was proposed. 2014 July 2013 SIDS Conf. SG Report Mar. 2013 May 2014 - Aug. 2014 SDGs 2014 OE CD Ministerial Open Working Group Regional Platforms, etc. Sep. 25. 2013 Council Meeting ・ Sole running inter-governmental Special E vent for MDGs working group May 2014 2014 ・ SDGs is agreed to be integrated to 68 th Session of General Assembly E COSOC post MDGs at RIO +20 Inter governmental Preparatory process Sep. 2014 Discussions at various fora for WCDRR SDGs Report Mar. 2015 Inter Governmental Negotiation 2014 UN World Conference on 69 th Session of General Assembly Disaster Risk Reduction Decision Making by UN Member States 2015 Summit for post 2015 Dev. Framework 2015 HF A2 E ndorsement UN/ GA Resolution (70 th Session of GA) by UN/ GA Resolution 2016 - HF A2 – Post 2015 Framework for DRR Post - 2015 Development Framework 2
Outline 1. Proposal for post MDGs and SDGs 2. Proposal for HFA2 3. Conclusion 3
Millennium Development Goals: MDGs (MDGs : Millennium Development Goals) What are MDGs? The MDGs are the international development goals that UN Member States have agreed to try to achieve by the year 2015 . The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000 , commits world leaders to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women . The MDGs are derived from this Declaration. The MDGs aim to achieve the 8 development goals . Each MDG has targets set for 2015 and concrete and measurable indicators to monitor progress from 1990 levels . 4
Goals of present MDGs and Water Target Goals of MDGs Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality Only one water target in MDGs and empower women Target 7c; ” Halve, by 2015, the Goal 4: Reduce child mortality proportion of people without sustainable access to safe Goal 5: Improve maternal health drinking water and basic sanitation ” Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability No Target on Disaster Risk Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Reduction 5 Source: Millennium Development Goals Indicators, The official United Nations site for the MDG Indicators < http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx >
Road to Post-2015 Development Framework Road to Post-2015 MDGs May 2013 May 2013 June 2012 Rio + 20 Global Platform 2013 High Level Panel Report (UN Conference on Sustainable Development) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was proposed. 2014 July 2013 SIDS Conf. SG Report Mar. 2013 May 2014 - Aug. 2014 SDGs 2014 OE CD Ministerial Open Working Group Regional Platforms, etc. Sep. 25. 2013 Council Meeting ・ Sole running inter-governmental Special E vent for MDGs working group May 2014 2014 ・ SDGs is agreed to be integrated to 68 th Session of General Assembly E COSOC post MDGs at RIO +20 Inter governmental Preparatory process Sep. 2014 Discussions at various fora for WCDRR SDGs Report Mar. 2015 Inter Governmental Negotiation 2014 UN World Conference on 69 th Session of General Assembly Disaster Risk Reduction Decision Making by UN Member States 2015 Summit for post 2015 Dev. Framework 2015 HF A2 E ndorsement UN/ GA Resolution (70 th Session of GA) by UN/ GA Resolution 2016 - HF A2 – Post 2015 Framework for DRR Post - 2015 Development Framework 6
Proposed goals in the High-Level Panel Report (May 2013) Goal 1:End poverty Target 1d ”Build resilience and reduce deaths from natural disasters by x%” Goal 2:Empower girls and women and achieve gender equality 6a. Provide universal access to safe Goal 3:Provide quality education drinking water at home, and in schools, and lifelong learning health centers, and refugee camps Goal 4:Ensure healthy lives 6b. End open defecation and ensure Goal 5:Ensure food security and universal access to sanitation at school good nutrition and work, and increase access to Goal 6:Achieve universal access to water and sanitation sanitation at home by x% 6c. Bring freshwater withdrawals in line Goal 7:Secure sustainable energy with supply and increase water efficiency Goal 8:Create jobs, sustainable livelihood, in agriculture by x%, industry by y% and and equitable growth urban areas by z% Goal 9:Manage natural resource assets sustainable 6d. Recycle or treat all municipal and Goal 10:Ensure good governance and industrial wastewater prior to discharge effective institutions Goal 11:Ensure stable and peaceful Target on disaster risk reduction societies Independent water & sanitation goal Goal 12:Create a global enabling environment and catalyze Target on wastewater treatment long-term finance 7 Source: “The Report of the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda” (May 2013) < http://www.un.org/sg/management/beyond2015.shtml >
Post-2015 Target for Disaster Risk Reduction Proposed Target in the High-Level Panel Report (May 2013) Build resilience and reduce deaths from natural disasters by x% Inclusion of a target on disaster risk reduction is a big step forward. But… Protecting assets and jobs/livelihoods by investing into disaster prevention is inevitable for eradicating poverty. Target on disaster risk reduction should not only aim to reduce deaths but also economic damages and losses. Weakness of the proposed target Indicator value depends on the magnitude or frequency of disasters occurring in the target period, and comparing numbers from different periods may provide misleading results. It is not necessarily an appropriate indicator to measure the progress resulting from the efforts and measures implemented. Need an appropriate indicator that can measure “progress” 8
Recommendation by MLIT Proposed Target on Disaster Risk Reduction Reduce deaths and economic damages from natural disasters by half Proposed Indicator on Disaster Risk Reduction % reduction in death and economic damages - Indicate how much damage has been reduced by disaster management measures damage: deaths or economic damages/losses Advantages of the above indicator Using actual figures of deaths/damages gives a sense of reality as compared to other MDGs indicators. By indicating in % reduction rather than absolute value, it can represent the effectiveness of disaster prevention investment regardless of the magnitude of disasters the world will experience in the next 15 years. Estimated damage with no measures in place can be calculated relatively easily using a model calibrated based on the actual disasters. 9
Sustainable Development Goals: SDGs SDGs : Sustainable Development Goals What are SDGs? UN Member States agreed at Rio+20 (June 2012) to develop Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as part of post-2015 framework. 248. We resolve to establish an inclusive and transparent intergovernmental process on sustainable development goals that is open to all stakeholders, with a view to developing global sustainable development goals to be agreed by the General Assembly. … (“The Future We Want”, June 2012) Member States agreed that SDGs must: Build upon commitments already made in the economic, social and environmental fields. Be coherent with and integrated into the United Nations development agenda beyond 2015. Not divert focus or effort from the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Be universally applicable to all countries. …etc Open Working Group on SDGs Mandated by the Rio+20 Outcome document to prepare a proposal on SDGs for consideration by the Assembly at its 68th session (Sept 2013 – Sept 2014). 10
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